Exam 1 CHEM 1103 Oceanography

Exam 2: Nov. 6, 2002

Exam 2 – CHEM 1103 – Oceanography

1) Density is defined as the amount of ______per unit volume.

2) The boundary between the crust and the upper mantle is called the ______.

3) A dark-colored, volcanic rock rich in silicon, oxygen and magnesium is:

a) Granite

b) Limestone

c) Basalt

d) Shale

e) Quartz

4) (6 pts) The three fundamental types of plate boundaries are ______, ______, and ______.

The processes occurring at these three plate boundaries are:

______.

5) True or False The East-African rift valleys are an example of an ocean basin in the final stages of the Wilson cycle. (Wilson cycle is the life stages of an ocean basin)

6) (6 pts) Pressure is P = ______

a) where ______is ______

(1) ______is ______

b) and ______is ______

7) Ocean basins get wider with time due to:

a) Erosion of continental margins

b) Sinking of continents

c) Paleomagnetism

d) Rising sea levels

e) Sea-floor spreading

8) The basaltic crust is being destroyed along:

a) Mid-ocean ridges

b) subduction zones

c) hot sopts

d) mantle plumes

e) magnetic anomalies

9) True or False The Earth’s magnetic field is fixed and unchanging.

10) Tectonic plates are moved around by:

a) Convection currents in the mantle

b) Gravity

c) Ocean currents

d) Pressure gradients in the crust

e) The heating and cooling cycles associated with the seasons

11) The Himalayan Mountain Range of Asia is an example of a ______plate.

a) Divergent

b) Convergent

c) Transform

12) Ocean floor is neither created nor destroyed along ______plate boundaries.

a) Divergent

b) Convergent

c) Transform

13) Island Chains are formed when a tectonic plate moves across a:

a) Subduction zone

b) Spreading center

c) Volcano

d) Mantle plume

e) Earthquake zone

14) (5 points) Rank the following features in order according to their stage in the Wilson cycle

a) Pacific Ocean

b) Himalayan Mountains

c) East African rift valleys

d) Mediterranean Sea

e) Red Sea

i) 1st ______

ii) 2nd ______

iii) 3rd ______

iv) 4tj ______

v) 5th ______

15) Sediments formed at an earlier time, and which now appear out of place for the current depositional environment in an area, are termed ______.

16) Sediments originating from space are called ______.

17) Sediments created by organisms are called ______.

18) (4 pts) The two major types of sediments created by organisms are ______and ______.

The elements (nutrients) used for these two types of sediment are ______and ______.

19) The beds of sediment laid down by turbidity currents are called ______.

20) Nodules rich in nickel and other minerals found on the deep sea floor are ______nodules.

21) Submarine canyons provide an important mechanism for:

a) Bottom-dwelling organisms to move from the shelf to the slope

b) Bottom-dwelling organisms to move from the slope to the shelf

c) Nutrient-rich water to spill off the shelf onto the slope

d) Sediment to be transported off the shelf

22) ______is rock composed of compressed mud.

23) ______is rock composed of compressed calcarious ooze.

24) The reddish color of the pelagic clays is due to the oxidation of minerals rich in:

a) Iron

b) Calcium

c) Carbonates

d) Manganese

e) Magnesium

25) In the ______model of tides, the Earth’s surface is considered to be completely covered by seawater to an infinite depth.

a) equilibrium

b) dynamic

c) two-dimensional

d) uniform

26) Tides are:

a) shallow water waves

b) capillary waves

c) rogue waves

d) deep water waves

e) storm surges

f) tsunamis

27) A seiche is a ______wave.

a) standing

b) progressive

c) rogue

28) Only the ______of a wave and not the mass of the wave is in motion

a) energy

b) orbit

c) water

29) A deep water wave is one that is moving through water that is deeper than:

a) 200 m

b) three times its height

c) ½ its wavelength

d) 3000 m

e) 11,022 m

30) The horizontal distance between successive crests is the:

a) wavelength

b) wave height

c) wave crest

d) wave trough

e) wave period

31) A wave will break when the height has increased to about ______of the wavelength (Stoke’s criteria).

a) 1./13

b) 2/3

c) 5/8

d) 1/7

32) Wave height divided by wavelength will give the wave:

a) dispersion

b) speed

c) period

d) steepness

e) node

33) Waves which slosh back and forth in harbors and have very long periods are called:

a) capillary waves

b) chop

c) tsunamis

d) seiches

e) surge

34) The crest of a tide is called ______tide.

35) Wave height is defined as the vertical distance separating the ______from the ______.

36) A substantial rise in sea level along a coast during a severe storm is called a storm

a) tide

b) surge

c) surf

d) swell

e) tsunami

37) Water particles in waves move:

a) only up and down

b) only back and forth

c) in circular orbits

38) The distance over which the wind blows to create waves is termed:

a) fetch

b) distortion

c) convection

d) defraction

e) refraction

39) (True or False) The flood tide occurs as water flows out after high tide.

40) (True or False) Standing waves do not move.

41) The tidal bulge on the side of the Earth opposite the moon is due to:

a) centrifugal force

b) tidal bore activity

c) ebb currents

d) tidal resonance

e) spring tides

42) When the crest of one waves coincides with the trough of another wave, ______interference occurs.

a) destructive

b) constructive

c) confused

d) cumulative

43) The greatest expanse of beach is flooded at high tide during:

a) neap tides

b) spring tides

c) semidiurnal tides

d) diurnal tides