Unit Organizer: The Progressive Era: 1890—1920
The Big Picture:The unrestrained capitalism and laissez-faire attitude of politicians during the Gilded Age resulted in a variety of problems and exposed a need for reform. The Progressives, led by investigative journalists and urban reformers, attempted to clean up America’s problems. While neither a unified nor wholly successful movement, progressives gained success in protecting the urban poor, improving urban infrastructure, restraining monopolies, regulating commerce, monitoring political corruption, expanding democratic opportunities, reforming the American tax and monetary system, conserving the environment.
Last Unit:
The Gilded Age(1870—1900) /
Current Unit:
Progressive Reform(1890—1920) /
Next Unit:
20th Century Foreign Policy and World War I(1898—1919)
Activities, Skills and Assessments : / Key Terms and Phrases:
1. Vocabulary
2. Sequence and Chronology
3. Political Cartoon Analysis
4. Primary Sources
5. Graphs/Charts Analysis
6. Maps/Photos Analysis
7. CER Writing
8. Unit Summative Assessments / 1. PROGRESSIVISM
2. PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT
3. FLORENCE KELLEY
4. CARRY NATION
5. PROHIBITION
6. 18TH AMENDMENT
7. WCTU
8. YMCA
9. MUCKRAKER
10. INITIATIVE
11. REFERENDUM
12. RECALL
13. 17TH AMENDMENT
14. SUSAN B. ANTHONY
15. ELIZABETH CADY STANTON
16. NACW
17. SUFFRAGE
18. NWSA/NAWSA
19. UPTON SINCLAIR/THE JUNGLE
20. THEODORE ROOSEVELT
21. BULLY PULPIT
22. TRUSTS 23. SQUARE DEAL 24. PURE FOOD & DRUG ACT / 25. MEAT INSPECTION ACT 26. CONSERVATION 27. W.E.B. DuBois 28. Booker T. Washington 29. Jim Crow Laws 30. Sharecropping 31. Plessy v Ferguson 32. CONSERVATIVES 33. WILLIAM TAFT 34. WOODROW WILSON 35. BULL MOOSE PARTY 36. INCUMBENT 37. PROGRESSIVE PARTY 38. NEW FREEDOM 39. 16TH AMENDMENT 40. FEDERAL INCOME TAX 41. SHERMAN ANTITRUST ACT 42. CLAYTON ANTITRUST ACT 1914 43. DEREGULATE 44. FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM 45. FEDERAL RESERVE ACT 1913 46. ALICE PAUL 47. LUCY BURNS 48. CARRIE CHAPMAN CATT 49. 19TH AMENDMENT
Essential Questions:
1. Did progressivism provide an effective solution to the nation’s problems?
2. Is muckraking an effective tool to reform American politics and society?
3. Can reform movements improve American society and politics? (Progressivism)
4. Were the Progressives successful in making government more responsive to the will of the people?
5. Does government have a responsibility to help the needy? / Text Pages
304-339
USHG ERA 6 – THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INDUSTRIAL, URBAN, AND GLOBAL UNITED STATES (1870-1930)
6.3 Progressivism and Reform-
I can select and evaluate major public and social issues emerging from the changes in industrial, urban, and global America during this period; analyze the solutions or resolutions developed by Americans, and their consequences (positive/negative – anticipated/unanticipated) including, but not limited to, the following:
6.3.1 Social Issues – I can describe the significant problems or issues created by America’s industrial and urban transformations between the 1890s and 1930.
6.3.2 Causes and Consequences of Progressive Reform – I can analyze the causes, consequences, and limitations of Progressive reform in the following areas:
• major changes in the Constitution, and the Supreme Court’s role in supporting or slowing reform
• the rise of the administrative state
• role of reform organizations, movements and individuals in promoting change
• Efforts to both expand and restrict the practices of democracy as reflected in post-Civil War struggles of African Americans and immigrants with respect to the following issues/events:
• Jim Crow laws
• Disenfranchisement, poll taxes, literacy tests
• Economic marginalization and the sharecropping system
• by groups like the KKK
• Resistance to violence (e.g., Ida B. Wells and the anti-lynching campaign of the late 1800’s and early 1900’s).
6.3.3 Women’s Suffrage – I can analyze the successes and failures of efforts to expand women’s rights, including the work of important leaders (e.g., Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton) and the eventual ratification of the 19th Amendment.
Guided Questions:
1. What problems existed at the urban, state, and national levels during the Gilded Age that exposed a need for progressive reform?
2. What role did women and journalists play in initiating progressive reform?
3. How successful were progressive reformers at the urban, state, and national levels?
Reading Guide The Progressive Era
Chapter 9 Section 1:
1. What were the four primary goals of the progressives?
2. Prohibitionist groups felt something was undermining American morals – what?
3. What became, by 1911, the largest women’s group in the nation’s history?
4. Why were many immigrants opposed to the efforts of the Anti–Saloon League?
5. Who were the “muckrakers”?
6. Whose time and motion studies became the foundation of “scientific management?”
7. How much did Henry Ford pay his workforce in the early 1900s?
8. What was “Fighting Bob” La Follette’s major target of his reforms as governor of Wisconsin?
9. The Seventeenth amendment called for the direct, popular election of:
Chapter 9 Section 2:
10. In the late Nineteenth century, what percentage of college educated women remained unmarried?
11. Who were the co-founders of the National Women Suffrage Association?
12. Why was the liquor industry opposed to women’s suffrage?
13. Where (territory or state) did women first win the right to vote?
Chapter 9 Section 3:
14. Who was the author of The Jungle?
15. Why was Theodore Roosevelt chosen to be William McKinley’s Vice – Presidential running mate in 1900?
16. Whose progressive reforms were named the “Square Deal?”
17. Which president became known as the “trustbuster?”
18. Who intervened in the coal strike of 1902, forcing both sides to show up at the White House, ending the strike?
19. What two acts of Congress, passed at Teddy Roosevelt’s urging, gave the ICC the power to regulate railroads?
20. Who was seen as the first “Conservationist President?”
21. What civil rights organization was established in New York City in 1909?
Chapter 9 Section 4:
22. Who promised, during the presidential election of 1908. to lower tariffs, then raised them once taking office?
23. Who was nominated for the presidency by the Progressive Party (“Bull Moose Party”)?
24. Who became the president as a result of the Election of 1912?
Chapter 9 Section 5:
25. Whose presidential programs became known as the “New Freedom?”
26. What antitrust legislation, enacted by Congress in 1914, gave the federal gov’t greater powers to “bust” trusts?
27. What constitutional amendment, ratified in 1913, legalized a federal income tax?
28. What act of Congress established the Federal Reserve System – still in use today?
29. What constitutional amendment, ratified in 1920, granted suffrage to women?
30. Whose election as president led to segregation of public buildings in Washington, D.C.?
31. What European war brought an end to the Progressive movement?