FigS1. Comparison of clinical parameters at renal-biopsy with those at the last time of follow-up.data at renal-biopsy; data at the last time of follow-up.*RPGN group, biopsy time vs last follow-up, p<0.05;**non-RPGN group, biopsy time vs last follow-up, p<0.05

Figure S2 ROC of initial Scr concentration(A) and the proportion of crescents (B) in predicting ESRD in severe LN with RPGN.

Table S1. The distribution of pathological types of lupusnephritis patients with and without RPGN

RPGN / non-RPGN / total / P
Number of biopsies / 101 / 2732 / 2833
Class II (%) / 0(0) / 96(3.5) / 96 / <0.001
Class III(%) / 2 (2.0 ) / 253(9.3) / 255 / <0.001
Class IV(%) / 79(78.2) / 1207(44.2) / 1286 / <0.001
ClassV+III/V+IV(%) / 4/16(19.8) / 1176(43.0) / 1196 / <0.001

Table S2. Extra-renal manifestations in severe LN patients

RPGN(n=101) / non-RPGN(n=200) / P
Serositis % / 51.4 / 29.6 / <0.001
Anemia% / 58.1 / 41.2 / 0.037
Thrombocytopenia% / 35.2 / 28.9 / ns
Leukocytopenia% / 35.2 / 37.9 / ns
Neurological disorder% / 4.8 / 3.2 / ns
Fever (non-infection) % / 43.8 / 35.4 / ns
Malar rash% / 37.2 / 50.2 / ns
Photosensitivity% / 7.6 / 9.7 / ns
Oral ulcer% / 6.7 / 12.3 / ns
Alopecia% / 16.2 / 23.1 / ns
Arthritis% / 51.4 / 53.4 / ns
Raynaud’s sign% / 11.4 / 13.0 / ns

anemia, hemoglobin <120 g/l (female) or <130 g/l (male); leukocytopenia, white blood cell<4000/l; thrombocytopenia, platelet < 100,000/l;

Table S3. Laboratory characteristics in severe LN patients

RPGN(n=101) / non-RPGN(n=200) / P
Positive ANA% / 97.7 / 98.2 / ns
Positive ds-DNA% / 55.8 / 73.9 / 0.015
Positive Sm% / 16.2 / 23.1 / ns
Positive RNP% / 23.8 / 26.4 / ns
Positive SSA% / 34.1 / 53.3 / 0.002
Positive SSB% / 7.3 / 13.7 / ns
Positive ACL% / 27.6 / 32.0 / ns
Positive LA% / 4.5 / 2.5 / ns

Table S4.Pathological features of severe LN patients with RPGN who underwent repeat biopsies

1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 / 7
1st / 2nd / 1st / 2nd / 1st / 2nd / 1st / 2nd / 1st / 2nd / 1st / 2nd / 1st / 2nd
Interval(mons) / 6 / 7 / 5 / 90 / 4 / 43 / 26
type / IV / IV+V / IV+V / IV+V / IV / IV+V / IV / IV+V / IV / IV / IV / IV / IV / IV+V
AI / 10 / 7 / 12 / 4 / 14 / 2 / 17 / 2 / 14 / 11 / 7 / 5 / 18 / 14
CI / 0 / 3 / 1 / 2 / 0 / 2 / 1 / 3 / 2 / 4 / 2 / 4 / 2 / 6
Glomerular sclerosis / 0 / 21.7 / 0 / 2.7 / 0 / 16.7 / 0 / 40.5 / 0 / 48.9 / 10.5 / 30.8 / 10.3 / 50.3
Segmental sclerosis / 0 / 4.3 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Crescents / 20.8 / 8.7 / 30 / 0 / 31.2 / 0 / 34.8 / 0 / 10.5 / 7 / 31.6 / 30.8 / 34.5 / 6.7
Cellular crescents / 0 / 0 / 30 / 0 / 20.8 / 0 / 30.4 / 0 / 10.5 / 7 / 10.5 / 30.8 / 0 / 0
Fibrocellular crescents / 20.8 / 8.7 / 0 / 0 / 10.4 / 0 / 4.4 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 21.1 / 0 / 34.5 / 6.7
Fibrotic crescents / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Capillary necrosis / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0
Wire-loops / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1
Capillary microthrombi / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1
ATI / 1 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 2 / 0 / 2 / 0 / 1 / 2 / 1 / 0
CTI / 0 / 2 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 2 / 2 / 2 / 1 / 2 / 1 / 2
Interstitial inflammation / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 2 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 2 / 1 / 3

ATI:Acute tubulointerstitial lesion, CTI:Chronic tubulointerstitial lesion

Table S5.Treatment and outcome of RPGN and non--RPGN patients

RPGN(n=101) / non-RPGN(n=200)
Follow-up time(mon) / 48.8(12-71.6) / 73.5(12.0-89.4)
Treatment
MP% / 100 / 80.1%
RRT% / 14.9% / 3.2%
CTX% / 41.9 / 34.3
MMF% / 39.5 / 30.7
FK506% / 4.7 / 4.7
Treatment response
CR% / 33.9 / 68.2
PR% / 19.4 / 23.8
Remission time (mons) / 12.8±8.4 / 9.8±7.8
TF% / 46.8 / 7.9
Relapse rate% / 42.4 / 41.2
Outcome
Death (%) / 10.8 / 3.6
ESRD (%) / 28.9 / 3.2
CRF (%) / 36.1 / 10.8
Normal renal function(%) / 24.1 / 82.3

P,oral prednisone; CTX, cyclophosphamide; AZA,azathioprine; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; FK506,Tacrolimus;

MP:Methylprednisone impulse; RRT:renal replacement therapy; CR,complete remission; PR, partial remission; TF, treatment failure.