Cell Parts and Functions

CELL PARTS AND FUNCTIONS NAME______

CELL PART / DESCRIPTION &
LOCATION / FUNCTION(S) / PRO
KARY
OTE? / EUKARYOTE
ANIMAL/PLANT?
CELL WALL / Outer boundary of protein and carbs.
Plants – contain cellulose
Fungi – contains chitin / Supports and protects /
X / ------ / X
CELL MEMBRANE / Double layer of phospholipids + protein
Outer boundary of animal cells
Inside cell wall of other cells / “Gatekeeper” – controls what enters and
leaves the cell / X / X / X
NUCLEUS
PARTS:
A. CHROMATIN/
CHROMOSOMES
B. NUCLEOLUS
C. NUCLEAR
ENVELOPE / Ball shaped with many parts
A.  DNA + protein
Threadlike/Rodlike
B.  Dense sphere
C.  Double membrane with pores / “Brain” - Controls most cell processes + has hereditary info.
A.  Genetic information
B.  Makes ribosomes
C.  Controls what enters and leaves the nucleus / ------
X
------
------ / X
X
X
X / X
X
X
X
CYTOSKELETON
A. CENTRIOLES
B. CILIA (CILIUM)
C. FLAGELLA(UM) / Network of 2 types of protein threads: microtubules & microfilaments
A.  Special microtubules
B.  Eyelash like m.tubules
on surface
C. Whiplike m.tubule / Helps maintain shape, assists in movement
A.  Separate chromosomes in cell division
B.  Cell movement
C. Cell movement / X
X
X
X / X
CYTOPLASM / Gel-like fluid / Where cell activities happen /
X / X / X
RIBOSOMES / Made of RNA + Protein
-  “Free”
-  “Attached” to ER / “Protein Factory”
Make proteins / X / X / X
ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
A. ROUGH E.R.
B. SMOOTH E.R. / Series of Membranes
throughout cell
A.  Has ribosomes
B. No ribosomes / Assemble cell membrane; modify proteins
A.  Alters proteins from ribosomes for export out
B. Makes lipids / X
X
X / X
X
X
GOLGI APPARATUS / Stack of membranes
full of enzymes / Stores and packages chemicals by attaching carbs and lipids to proteins /
X / X
LYSOSOMES / Bags of enzymes / “Digestive bag, suicide bag”
Breakdown food and old cell organelles / X
VACUOLES
(VESICLES =
TINY VACUOLE) / Saclike containers / Store H2O, salt, protein , carbs., food, etc.
(Huge water vacuole in plant cells!) / Small or none / X
MITOCHONDRIA / Membrane sack with inner folded membrane / “Powerhouse” – release food energy to make high energy ATP molecules / X / X
CHLOROPLASTS / Sacs of membranes with chlorophyll (Green) pigment / Photosynthesis site - Trap sun’s energy making food / X
CHROMOPLASTS / Sacs of membranes with other pigments in fruits, flowers, leaves / Provide other colors / X
AMYLOPLASTS
( LEUKOPLASTS) / Sacs of starch / Store starch / X
PEROXISOMES / Sacs of special enzymes / Breakdown toxins (Ex. Alcohol) / X