Unit 4 Test Study Guide
1. Describe the parts of a lipid bilayer. Double layer of phospholipids with proteins embedded in the membrane. Semi permeable allowing some things to pass through while not allowing others to pass through.
2. Describe the structure of
- Carrier proteins move ions across the membrane
- Protein pumps require energy to move molecules across a membrane
- Carbohydrate sugar located on the surface of the cell membrane
3. What is the difference between passive transport and active transport? Passive transport does not require energy, while active transport requires energy.
4. How are osmosis and diffusion different? Osmosis is the diffusion of water, while simple diffusion refers to any other molecule that can move through membrane pores.
5. Define equilibrium. Balanced internal and external conditions.
6. Give an example of diffusion from everyday life. Spraying perfume.
7. Tell whether the solution is hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic AND state whether the cell will stay the same, shrink, or swell.
Hypotonic Isotonic
inside- 65% CaCl2 inside- 30% NaCl
outside- 20% CaCl2 outside- 30% NaCl
Hypertonic Hypotonic
inside- 15% LiCl inside- 80% KCl
outside- 70% LiCl outside- 20% KCl
8. Define concentration gradient. A measurement of how the concentration of molecules changes from one place to another.
9. In passive transport, molecules always move __DOWN___ the concentration gradient. In active transport, molecules move ___UP______the concentration gradient.
10. What is a carrier protein? Protein embedded in the cell membrane that allows the passage of ions.
11. Give 2 examples of molecules that would need the help of a carrier protein. Glucose or Sodium and Potassium
12. In a hypotonic solution, what will a cell do? Swell
13. If there is more solute on the outside of a cell than in the inside, what is the solution called?Hypertonic
14. The sodium potassium pump moves ___Sodium__ into the cell and __Potassium____ out of the cell.
15. Describe the process of endocytosis. (Use pictures if you’d like). Movement of molecules into a cell requiring energy due to the cell membrane engulfing particles.
16. What is exocytosis? Movement of molecules out of the cell requiring energy due to the cell membrane changing shape.
17. How is pinocytosis different from phagocytosis? Phagocytosis is the ingestion of solids, while pinocytosis is the ingestion of fluids by a cell.
18. Give an example of an isotonic solution. Saline and intravenous solutions (used in IV’s)
19. Describe how a cell membrane is semi-permeable. It controls what enters and exits the cell.
20. The form of energy that cells use for active transport is called___ATP_____.
21. What would happen if you put your blood cells in pure water? They would swell and possibly burst.
22. Why shouldn’t you drink salt water if you’re stranded on a desert island? It would cause water to leave your cells.
23. Define primary succession establishment of a community for the first time on bare rock or hardened lava, secondary succession Reestablishment of a community after a disturbance like a forest fire, climax community a fully mature community- does not exist in reality due to constant change, and pioneer species the first species to show up in succession.
24. What type of succession occurs on bare rock or hardened lava? Primary succession
25. What type of succession occurs after a disturbance like a forest fire? Secondary succession
26. Lichens are some of the first organisms to appear when a new community is being established. Lichens are an example of what? Pioneer species