COSPAR2002Houston: D2.3-E2.3. Solar Variability and Climate Change:

One of the accepted talks:

ELECTRICCLIMATE - MODEL

COSPAR02-A-01577

L.Körtvélyessy Observatory Kleve, Fax: +49-2821-17626

The producing of the model of the terrestrial climate is the most important task of astrophysics and geophysics to avoid a threatening climate catastrophe.

Key words: global warming, climate gases, glasshouse-effect, solar storms, red sprites.

Does the Sun heat variably by its varying magnetic fields? The main problem of all magnetic models is that SOHO found neither a “solar dynamo” nor “deep magnetic tubes”. Also TRACE discovered too thin and straight coronal filaments which could not have emerged through the boiling solar layers but grew out geyser-like from one foot-point. NASA stated some months ago that a “magnetic tube” would be unstable due to its own magnetic repulsion. Moreover, magnetic climate models should be discarded they did not predicted our climate.

A new, an electric climate-modelis described here based on the solar thermoelectric process. The solar wind is negatively, the eruptions are positively charged ( TRACE- and LASCO-pictures show that solar filaments have an exact circular cross section i.e. they are electric direct currents shaped by the pinch-effect. Our climate is maximally correlated to the aa index of the geomagnetic storms which are the results of solar direct currents conducting by Earth (Fig.1). Our climate depends on the emitted solar electric charge and only if this charge hits Earth (Fig.2-3).

Fig.1Measurement of a solar proton storm: the flux ofprotons jumped up about 10 000 times within minutes. Suddenly proton-filaments of about 30 000 km/s (10 MeV - red line), 66 000 km/s (50 MeV - blue line) and 100 000km/s (100MeV - green line) appeared.

The burning out of the transformers of Hydro-Quebec (in 1989) is re-analysed on the base of these positive direct currents and a new solution of this problem is elaborated. TheSun has two influences: the positive (active) Sun repulses the positive cosmic ray particles which are seeds of clouds. (A magnetic dispersion is not necessary and not possible!) In addition, new movies show that this active Sun can directly charge our clouds positively via red sprites which fly down with a velocity of 10 000 km/s probably during a proton storm (Fig. 1).

Picture of a red sprite: A huge bundle of positive filaments hits a (negative?) cloud centrally. All filaments branch similar to solar prominences.Credit: homepage of Prof. V.Pasko Stanford.

The hit clouds emit gamma rays and are perhaps diffused by this huge solar positive charge. A large hole of a diameter of about 40 km in the cloudy area could be opened by the Sun therefore the sunlight can heat through this hole. The cosmic rays and red sprites could be responsible for the fact that the area of the clouds was found to be by 2-4.5 % lower in the middle magnetic latitudes during the last solar maximum. This very energetic sprite-model could be tested by the terrestrial gamma ray bursts which were discovered and continually observed by the Compton observatory.The proton storms are measured since many years. About hundred coincidencesbetween gamma rays and proton storms could be found if they existed.Moreover, each ofthe hundreds of observed red sprites (e.g. Fig. 2) should appear during asynchronous proton storm.

Parallel – and independently - to both supposed electric influences, the sunspots were re-discovered as “awesome solar hurricanes”. The instrument of the solar irradiation ACRIM (onboard the satellites SMM and SOHO) showed that the huge rotational energy of the sunspots can increase the solar irradiation. The present 88 year period will end in about 2045 probably with the highest irradiation of the last two millennia. We should have as few climate gases as possible to minimise the glasshouse effect.

The electric climate model can be easily proved:
The active Sun emits more heat and more positive charge in all directions. Both can increase the terrestrial temperature. The positive charge decreases the area of the terrestrial clouds by repulsing the positive particles of the cosmic rays and by charging the ice-crystals in the cloudy area via red sprites. Every chargedice-crystal repulses all other charged crystals. Through these additional holes of about2-4% in the cloudy area, the hotter Sun sends more heat.

Are red sprites of solar origin? Probably yes!

  • The direction of their velocity is from above to below. They form branches as solar prominences. More spritescan have a common dark level in the ionosphere - similar to missing sections of prominences.
  • The velocity of the flight of the red sprites downwards is 10 000 km/s.Also the biggest lightnings have the velocity of only some hundred km/s.Solar storms have a velocity of this order (Fig.1).
  • The hit cloud emits gamma rays. Only solar processes can do this, no processes in the terrestrial ionosphere. The hit air probably emits ultraviolet light which can be observed together with the auroras.
  • Lightnings come from the bottom of a cloud, the gamma rays from the top of it where red sprites hit.
  • The solar influence on our climate is proved. But this influence is probably not only the result of the cosmic ray particles which produce many secondary particles but not enough to create big clouds. Moreover, the path of these seeds remains very small, some meters in diameter which are still not detected as cloud-filaments. Therefore, another solar effect is necessary, too. An electric diffusion of clouds seems to be effective. The diameter of the red sprites is about 40 km, much larger than that of a particles-cascade of the cosmic rays. Red sprites could open a big hole in the cloudy area.
  • Electrons fly along the magnetic field to the terrestrial poles and cause auroras (the filamentary structure proves the electric origin via pinch-effect Fig.3), but the heavierprotons could arrive at Earth in the middle latitudes (the filamentary structure proves the electric origin via pinch-effect Fig. 2).

Fig. 3 Filaments of the aurora in 2002 July2. The filaments and their equal distances from each other show the electric origin similar to red sprites.No branches are there. Credit: Anderson SpaceWeather

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