Skeletal System Review

Functions of the Bone

1. List and explain five important functions of the skeletal system. Write your answers in the spaces below.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Bone Shapes:

2. For each bone shape draw a picture representing its shape and the list two examples of bones with each shape.

Long bone Sesamoid bone

Short bone Flat bone

Irregular bone Sutural bone

Structure of Bone:

3.  Descriptions of bone structure are provided in Column A, identify the structure by choosing the appropriate term from column B and placing it in the blank.

Column A Column B

_____1. layers of calcified matrix

_____ 2. “residences” of osteocytes

_____ 3. Longitudunal canal, carrying blood vessels and nerves

_____ 4. Nonliving, structural part of bone

_____ 5. Tiny canals connecting lacunae

_____ 6. Membrane that lines internal bone cavities

_____ 7. Membrane that surrounds bone

_____ 8. Membrane that covers the epiphysis

_____ 9. area of long bone that includes the shaft

_____ 10. The expanded area at the end of each bone

A.  Articular cartilage

B.  Concentric lamellae

C.  Lacunae

D.  Endosteum

E.  Epiphysis

F.  Diaphysis

G.  Bone matrix

H.  Osteocytes

I.  Periosteum

J.  Canaliculi

K.  Central canal

4.  Look over your notes on the structure of spongy bone versus compact bone. Complete the Venn diagram of their similarities and differences.

Characteristics of Bone Matrix

5. What are the two main components of bone matrix and what do each contribute to bones overall characteristics?

6. What would bone be like if it did not have one of the main components? Describe at least one disease where one of the components is affected.

7.  Rickets, a form of osteomalacia affecting children, generally results from a vitamin D3 deficiency caused by inadequate exposure to sunlight and inadequate dietary supply. The bones of these children are poorly mineralized. Explain the connection between a vitamin D3 deficiency and poor mineralization of bones. Also explain why these children tend to be bow legged.

Cells of the Osseous Tissue

8. Complete the table below:

Cell Type / Where the cell is found / What the cell is / The function of the cell
Osteoprogenitor Cells
Immature bone cell
Found in Lacunae
To remove bone matrix recycling Ca back into the body fluids

Bone Development (Ossification)

9. What is ossification?

10. What is the difference between intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification?

11. Ming posed the following question: “ If the epiphyseal growth plates are growing so fast, why do they stay thin? Growing things are supposed to get larger or thicker, but these plates remain the same thickness.” How would you answer her?

Bone Growth

12. Explain how bones grow longer and wider.

13. Why does a person who hits their growth spurt late in life end up generally being taller than those that hit the growth spurt early?