References: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition Citation Style
http://mts-ejcn.nature.com/cgi-bin/main.plex?form_type=display_auth_instructions#format
In-Text Citations
References should follow the Vancouver format also known as the numeric style. In the text (In-Text Citations) they should appear as numbers starting at 1 (in superscript) for example: This author 1 presents an authoritative study of… … however other research 2-3 highlights differing levels of ……in addition evidence 4-5 has accumulated to suggest food can protect against…while not refuting the claim that certain ranges promote an increased risk of disease6
Direct quotations should be used sparingly and placed within double quotation marks e.g. Even when recommendations come from such rigorous approaches, however, "it is important to differentiate between those based on weak vs. strong evidence."7
Where a reference is to appear next to a number in the text, for example following an equation, chemical formula or biological acronym, citations should be written as (ref. X) and not as superscript. For example detectable levels of endogenous Bcl-2 (ref. 8), as confirmed by western blot.
If the same reference to a textbook or article is used again, re-use the original number.
Reference List
At the end of the paper/document all the references to peer reviewed journals, diagrams, textbooks and websites should be fully listed (double-spaced) in numerical order corresponding to the order of citation in the text and with the appropriate page numbers or url. This list should be entitled References.
· All authors should be quoted for articles/papers with up to six authors; for papers with more than six authors, the first six only should be quoted, followed by et al.
· The first and last page numbers for each journal article reference should be provided e.g. 670-685.
· Abstracts and letters must be identified as such.
· Papers in press and papers submitted for publication may be included in the list of references. No citation is required for work not yet submitted for publication.
· Many journals require the use of Index Medicus/NLM format journal title abbreviations in the reference list. These journal title abbreviationsare listed at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/journals. To use this tool efficiently, enter the journal title in quotes e.g. to search for an abbreviation for New England Journal of Medicine, e.g. search for “New England Journal of Medicine”.
Journal article, e-pub ahead of print:
Bonin M, Pursche S, Bergeman T, Leopold T, Illmer T, Ehninger G, Fara A et al Pharmacokinetics during reduced-intensity conditioning therapy with fludarabine and busulfan. Bone Marrow Transplant 2007; e-pub ahead of print 8 January 2007; doi:10.1038/sj.bmt.1705565
Journal article, up to six authors:
Belkaid Y, Rouse BT. Natural regulatory T cells in infectious disease. Nat Immunol 2005; 6: 353–360.
Journal article,
Ballardo R, Juneja HS, Gardner FH. Normal human marrow stromal cells induce clonal growth of human malignant T-lymphoblasts. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 78: 51-62.
Complete book:
Atkinson K, Champlin R, Ritz J, Fibbe W, Ljungman P, Brenner MK.(eds). Clinical Bone Marrow and Blood Stem Cell Transplantation, 3rd edn. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 2004.
Chapter in book:
Coccia PF. Hematopoietic cell transplantation in paediatric care. In: Blume KG, Forman SJ, Appelbaum FR. (eds). Thomas' Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, 3rd edn. Blackwell Publishing Ltd: Malden, MA, USA, 2004: 1443–1454.
Abstract:
Syrjala KL, Abrams JR, Storer B, Heiman JR. Prospective risk factors for five-year sexuality late effects in men and women after haematopoietic cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2006; 37(Suppl 1): S4 (abstract 107).
Correspondence:
Caocci G, Pisu S. Overcoming scientific barriers and human prudence [letter]. Bone Marrow Transplant 2006; 38: 829–830.
Personal communications must be allocated a number and included in the list of references in the usual way or simply referred to in the text; the authors may choose which method to use. In either case authors must obtain permission from the individual concerned to quote his/her unpublished work.
Internet sources take e care to critically evaluate the reliability of the information and avoid Wikipedia as a research resource. Cite a website as follows: Lulaslo J. WHO World Health Organisation International Classification of Disease ICD 2009 (Internet: http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/index.html) (accessed 17 August 2013).
Example of a list of References
1. Kusin KA, Kardjati S, Renqvist UH. Maternal body mass index: the functional significance during reproduction. Eur J Clin Nutr 1993; 4: (Suppl 3), S56-S67.
2. Martin JC, Bourgnoux P, Fignon A, Theret V, Antoine JM, Lamisse F. et al. Dependence of human milk essential fatty acids on adipose stores during lactation. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 58: 653-659.
3. Friedman MI, Gil KM, Rothhopf MM, Askanazi J. Post-absorptive control of food intake in humans. Appetite 1986; 7: 258 (abstract).
4. Lanham-New S, MacDonald I, Roche H. (eds). Nutrition & Metabolism, 2 edn. Wiley Blackwell: Oxford, UK, 2010.
5. Clancy M, Kerr, Johnston C. Lenus: the Irish Health Repository Pack a punch, eat a healthy lunch: Department of Public Health & Planning, Cardiovascular Health Strategy 2003 (Internet http://www.lenus.ie/hse/handle/10147/67413) (Accessed 4th September 2013)
6. Weight Management Interest Group. INDI Irish Nutrition and Dietetic Institute
What is an ‘obesogenic environment’? 2007 (Internet http://www.indi.ie/index.php?page=8&ls=90) (Accessed 10th July 2013)
Tables
These should be labelled sequentially and cited within the text. Each table should be presented on its own page, numbered and titled. Reference to table footnotes should be made by means of Arabic numerals. They should consist of at least two columns; columns should always have headings. Authors should ensure that the data in the tables are consistent with those cited in the relevant places in the text, totals add up correctly, and percentages have been calculated correctly.
Figures
Figures and images should be labelled sequentially, numbered and cited in the text. Figure legends should be brief, specific and appear on a separate manuscript page after the References section. Refer to (and cite) figures specifically in the text of the paper. Figures should not be embedded within the text. If a table or figure has been published before, the authors must obtain written permission to reproduce the material in both print and electronic formats from the copyright owner and submit it with the manuscript.
Units and Abbreviations: Use metric units (SI units) as fully as possible. Preferably give measurements of energy in kiloJoules or MegaJoules with kilocalories in parentheses (1 kcal = 4.186kJ). Use % throughout. Very common abbreviations such as FFA, RNA, need not be defined; on first using an abbreviation place it in parentheses after the full item. Note these abbreviations: gram g; litre l; milligram mg; kilogram kg; kilojoule kJ; megajoule MJ; weight wt; seconds s; minutes min; hours h. Do not add s for plural units.
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