Table S1: The primers of candidate miRNAs association with disease-resistance

Primer / Sequences
5s rRNA R / 5’-TAAGGTAGCGGCGAGACGAGC-3’
Zma-miR159aR / 5’-TTGGATTGAAGGGAGCTCTGA-3’
Zma-miR160aR / 5’-TGCCTGGCTCCCTGTATGCC-3’
Zma-miR166l R / 5’-CGGACCAGGCTTCATTCCTC-3’
Zma-miR172bR / 5’-TTGGACTGAAGGGTGCTCCC-3’
Zma-miR393bR / 5’-CTCCAAAGGGATCGCATTGATA-3’
Zma-miR394aR / 5’-GGCATTCTGTCCACCTC-3’
Zma-miR396aR / 5’-TCCACAGGCTTTCTTGAACTG-3’
Zma-miR10 R / 5’-TTGAGCCGCGTCAATATCTCC-3’
Common forward primers / Uni-miRqPCRPrimer（TaKaRa）

Table S2: The primers of TFs (target genes of candidate miRNAs)

Primer / Sequences
18s rRNA / T 5’-CTGAGAAACGGCTACCACA-3’
F 5’-CCCAAGGTCCAACTACGAG-3’
GRMZM2G423833 (Zma-miR159a) / T 5’-CAAAAACAAAATGATGGTGGTG-3’
F 5’-CTTCCTCAGCGTCGAAAGG-3’
GRMZM2G153233
(Zma-miR160a) / T 5’- TTTTCCACGGCAACCCACT-3’
F 5’-GGCTTTCCGAACAGCATTAGA-3’
GRMZM2G003509
(Zma-miR166l) / T 5’- CTTCCCCATTCTTTTCTG-3’
F 5’-TCAAGAGCGGAGGAGCA-3’
GRMZM2G700665
(Zma-miR172b) / T 5’-AGACCCCCGTTCTTTCC-3’
F 5’-AACTGGGCTGCTAACTACC-3’
GRMZM2G135978
(Zma-miR393b) / T 5’-AGAACTCGGAACAGGAAGA-3’
F 5’- AAAGGAGCAGAAGGGAAA-3’
GRMZM2G064954
(Zma-miR394a) / T 5’-AGGAGATCCCACCAAGA-3’
F 5’-CAGACCCACCAGCATAA-3’
GRMZM2G098594
(Zma-miR396c) / T 5’-CACCAAGAGCCCTCCAACA-3’
F 5’-CGAGGCGGTCTTGGATT-3’
GRMZM2G098800
(Zma-miR10) / T 5’-ACCGTCTTCTTTCCACCCT-3’
F 5’-AGCCCTTCTCTTGTTTCTCC-3’

Table S3 Target genes of candidate miRNA predicted by WMD3 and PsRNAtarget

miRNA ID / Mature sequences / Target genes ID / Function
Conserved miRNA association with pathogen-resistance
Zma-miR159a/b / UUUGGAUUGAAGGGAGCUCUG / GRMZM2G416652 / Homeodomain-like
GRMZM2G167088 / MYB domain transcription factor; Homeodomain-like; SANT, DNA-binding
GRMZM2G423833 / MYB domain transcription factor; Homeodomain-like; SANT, DNA-binding
GRMZM2G061972 / MYB domain transcription factor; Homeodomain-like; SANT, DNA-binding
AC204352.3_FG012 / Cell division
GRMZM2G113073 / PAK-box/P21-Rho-binding; Antifreeze protein, type I;RhoGTPase activation protein;RhoGAP
GRMZM2G093789 / MYB domain transcription factor;SANT, DNA-binding; Homeodomain-like;Riboflavin kinase
GRMZM2G070523 / MYB domain transcription factor;Smallproline-rich;SANT, DNA-binding;Homeodomain-like
GRMZM2G139688 / MYB domain transcription factor;Homeodomain-like;SANT, DNA-binding
GRMZM2G075064 / MYB domain transcription factor;Homeodomain-like;SANT, DNA-binding
GRMZM2G038195 / Metallophosphoesterase;Serine/threonine-specific protein phosphatase and bis(5-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphatase
Zma-miR160a/b/c / TGCCTGGCTCCCTGTATGCCA / GRMZM2G153233 / Auxin response factor;Transcriptional factor B3; AUX/IAA family
AC207656.3_FG002 / Auxin response factor;Transcriptional factor B3; AUX/IAA family
GRMZM2G159399 / Auxin response factor;Transcriptional factor B3
GRMZM2G005284 / Auxin response factor;Transcriptional factor B3
GRMZM2G390641 / Auxin response factor;Transcriptional factor B3
GRMZM2G369356 / Auxin response factor;Transcriptional factor B3
GRMZM2G081406 / Auxin response factor;Transcriptional factor B3
Zma-miR166a / UCGGACCAGGCUUCAUUCCCC / AC187157 / bZIP transcription factor; Homeobox domain; START domain; MEKHLA domain
GRMZM2G469551 / bZIP transcription factor; Clathrin, heavy-chain linker; Homeobox domain; START domain; MEKHLA domain
GRMZM2G003509 / bZIP transcription factor; Homeobox domain; START domain; MEKHLA domain
GRMZM2G109987 / bZIP transcription factor; Homeobox domain; START domain
GRMZM2G178102 / bZIP transcription factor; Homeobox domain; START domain; MEKHLA domain
GRMZM2G123644 / bZIP transcription factor; Chromosomal replication initiator protein DnaA; START domain；BAH domain; Agenet domain
GRMZM2G336718 / Chromosomal replication initiator protein DnaA; START domain; Agenet domain
GRMZM2G499154 / Zinc knuckle
GRMZM2G135175 / MatE
GRMZM2G111472 / Polyketidecyclase / dehydrase and lipid transport
Zma-miR166l / UCGGACCAGGCUUCAUUCCUC / GRMZM2G056513 / Nucleotide-sensitive chloride conductance regulator (ICln)
AC187157 / bZIP transcription factor; Homeobox domain; START domain; MEKHLA domain
GRMZM2G469551 / bZIP transcription factor; Clathrin, heavy-chain linker; Homeobox domain; START domain; MEKHLA domain
GRMZM2G003509 / bZIP transcription factor; Homeobox domain; START domain; MEKHLA domain
GRMZM2G109987 / bZIP transcription factor; Homeobox domain; START domain
GRMZM2G178102 / bZIP transcription factor; Homeobox domain; START domain; MEKHLA domain
GRMZM2G123644 / bZIP transcription factor; Chromosomal replication initiator protein DnaA; START domain; BAH domain; Agenet domain
GRMZM2G336718 / Chromosomal replication initiator protein DnaA; START domain; Agenet domain
GRMZM2G499154 / Zinc knuckle
GRMZM2G135175 / MatE
Zma-miR172b/c/d / AGAAUCUUGAUGAUGCUGCA / GRMZM2G174784 / AP2-ERF Pathogenesis-related transcriptional factor and ERF, DNA-binding;Antifreeze protein, type I;DNA-binding, integrase-type
GRMZM2G160730 / AP2-ERF Pathogenesis-related transcriptional factor and ERF, DNA-binding;DNA-binding, integrase-type
AC225147.4_FG004 / AP2-ERF Pathogenesis-related transcriptional factor and ERF, DNA-binding;DNA-binding, integrase-type
GRMZM2G076602 / AP2-ERF Pathogenesis-related transcriptional factor and ERF, DNA-binding; istamine H3 receptor;
GRMZM2G176175 / AP2-ERF Pathogenesis-related transcriptional factor and ERF, DNA-binding;Na+/H+ exchanger, isoform 2 (NHE2);Antifreeze protein, type I;DNA-binding, integrase-type
GRMZM2G700665 / Actin, conserved site;Actin/actin-like
GRMZM2G017847 / Unknown
GRMZM2G383472 / Peroxidase
GRMZM2G150893 / Cyclin-like F-box; F-box-like; Leucine-rich repeat;Leucine-rich repeat, cysteine-containing subtype
Zma-miR393b / UCCAAAGGGAUCGCAUUGAUCC / GRMZM2G135978 / F-box-like
GRMZM2G137451 / Cyclin-like F-box;Galactose oxidase/kelch, beta-propeller;F-box associated type 1
Zma-miR394a/b / UUGGCAUUCUGUCCACCUCC / GRMZM2G064954 / Cyclin-like F-box; Galactose oxidase/kelch, beta-propeller; F-box associated type 1
GRMZM2G119650 / SBP domain Squamosa promoter-binding-like protein
GRMZM2G414805 / vonWillebrand factor type A domain
GRMZM2G010740 / ATP-sulfurylase;PUA-like
Zma-miR396a / UUCCACAGCUUUCUUGAACUG / GRMZM2G156608 / PH domain
GRMZM2G156608 / WD domain, G-beta repeat
GRMZM2G102795 / WD domain, G-beta repeat
GRMZM2G127850 / Rhodanese-like domain ;Protein of unknown function (DUF2685)
GRMZM2G087671 / WRC ;QLQ
Zma-miR396c / UUCCACAGGCUUUCUUGAACUG / GRMZM2G018414 / CCCH zincfinger in TRM13 protein; WRC; QLQ
GRMZM2G034876 / CCCH zincfinger in TRM13 protein; WRC; QLQ
GRMZM2G041223 / WRC; QLQ
GRMZM2G045977 / WRC
GRMZM2G067743 / WRC; QLQ
GRMZM2G067743 / WRC; QLQ :
GRMZM2G098594 / WRC; QLQ
GRMZM2G098594 / WRC; QLQ ;CCCH zincfinger in TRM13 protein
GRMZM2G105335 / Glycine-rich region of argonaut;WRC; QLQ
GRMZM2G124566 / WRC ; QLQ ;CCCH zincfinger in TRM13 protein
GRMZM2G129147 / WRC; QLQ
GRMZM2G075449 / WRC; QLQ
GRMZM2G099862 / WRC; QLQ
GRMZM2G178261 / Alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGLU) N-terminal domain ;Alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGLU) tim-barrel domain ;Alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGLU) C-terminal domain ;WRC ;KH domain ;IQ calmodulin-binding motif ;Uncharacterized ArCR, COG1888
GRMZM2G443903 / Protein tyrosine kinase ;Uncharacterized protein conserved in bacteria (DUF2239)
GRMZM2G085038 / Major Facilitator Superfamily; SPX domain
Zma-miR10 / UUGAGCCGCGUCAAUAUCUCC / GRMZM2G098800 / GRAS transcription factor