Appendix S1. List of the Studies Used to Gather Maximum Dive Durations

Appendix S1. List of the studies used to gather maximum dive durations.

Birds:

Aguilar, J. S., Benvenuti S., Dall'Antonia L., McMinn-Grive M. & Mayol-Serra J. 2003. Preliminary results on the foraging ecology of Balearic shearwaters (Puffinus mauretanicus) from bird-borne data loggers. Sci. Mar. 67, 129-134.

Charrassin, J-B., Bost C-A., Pütz K., Lage J., Dahier T., Zorn T. & Le Maho Y. 1998. Foraging strategies of incubating and brooding king penguins Aptenodytes patagonicus. Oecologia 114, 194-201.

Croxall, J., Briggs D., Kato A., Naito Y., Watanuki Y. & Williams T. 1993. Diving pattern and performance in the macaroni penguins Eudyptes chysolophus. J. Zool. 230, 31-47.

Hull, C. L. 2000. Comparative diving behaviour and segregation of the marine habitat by breeding Royal Penguins, Eudyptes schlegeli, and eastern Rockhopper Penguins, Eudyptes chrysocome filholi, at Macquarie Island. Can. J. Zool. 78, 333-345.

Kirkwood, R. & Robertson G. 1997. The foraging ecology of female emperor penguins in winter. Ecol. Monogr. 67, 155-176.

Mills, K. 2000. Diving behaviour of two Galapagos penguins Spheniscus mendiculus. Mar. Ornithol. 28, 75-79.

Mori, Y. 1997. Dive bout organization in the Chinstrap penguin at Seal Island, Antarctica. J. Ethol. 15, 9-15.

Ropert-Coudert, Y., Grémillet D., Kato A., Ryan P. G., Naito Y. & Le Maho Y. 2004. A fine-scale time budget of Cape gannets provides insights into their foraging strategies. Anim. Behav. 67, 985-992.

Ropert-Coudert, Y., Kato A. & Wilson R. P. 2006. The Penguiness book. Electronic publication, http://polaris.nipr.ac.jp/~penguin/penguiness/, version 1.0, June 2006.

Ropert-Coudert, Y., Kato A., Wilson R. P. & Cannell B. 2006. Foraging strategies and prey encounter rate of free-ranging Little Penguins. Mar. Biol. 149, 139-148.

Ryan, P. G. & Nel D. C. 1999. Foraging Behaviour of Diving Petrels Pelecanoides. Emu 99, 72-74.

Schreer, J. F. & Kovacs K. M. 1997. Allometry of diving capacity in air-breathing vertebrates. Can. J. Zool. 75, 339-358.

Shaffer, S. A., Tremblay Y., Weimerskirch H., Scott D., Thompson D. R., Sagar P. M., Möller H., Taylor G. A., Foley D. G., Block B. A. & Costa D. P. 2006. Migratory shearwaters integrate oceanic resources across the Pacific Ocean in an endless summer. Proc. R. Soc. B 103, 12799-12802.

Tremblay, Y. & Cherel Y. 2003. Geographic variation in the foraging behaviour, diet and chick growth of rockhopper penguins. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 251, 279-297.

Wanless, S., Corfield T., Harris M. P., Buckland S. & Morris J. 1993. Diving behaviour of the shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis (Aves: Pelecaniformes) in relation to water depth and prey size. J. Zool. 231, 11-25.

Whitehead, M. D. 1989. Maximum diving depths of the Adélie penguin, Pygoscelis adeliae, during the chick rearing period, in Prydz Bay, Antarctica. Polar Biol. 9, 329-332.

Wilson, R. P. 1996. Foraging and feeding behaviour of a fledgling Magellanic penguin Spheniscus magellanicus. Mar. Ornithol. 24, 55-56.

Mammals:

Akamatsu, T., Wang D., Wang K., Wei Z., Zhao Q. & Naito Y. 2002. Diving behaviour of freshwater finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides) in an oxbow of the Yangtze River, China. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 59, 438-443.

Arnould, J. P. Y. & Hindell M. A. 2001. Dive behaviour, foraging locations, and maternal-attendance patterns of Australian fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus). Can. J. Zool. 79, 35-48.

Austin, D., Bowen W., McMillan J. & Boness D. 2006. Stomach temperature telemetry reveals temporal patterns of foraging success in a free-ranging marine mammal. J. Anim. Ecol. 75, 408-420.

Baird, R. W., Ligon A. D., Hooker S. K. & Gorgone A. M. 2001. Subsurface and nighttime behaviour of pantropical spotted dolphins in Hawai’i. Can. J. Zool. 79, 988-996.

Barlow, J., Forney K., Saunder A. V. & Urban-Ramirez J. 1997. A Report of Cetacean Acoustic Detection and Dive Interval Studies (CADDIS) Conducted in the Southern Gulf of California, 1995 (McArthur Cruise Number: AR-95-08 SWFSC Cruise Number: 1601). Report U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA-TM-NMSF-SWFC-250, La Jolla, California

Bengtson, J.L. & Stewart B. S. 1997. Diving patterns of a Ross seal (Ommatophoca rossii) near the eastern coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. Polar Biol. 18, 214-218.

Bethge, P., Munks S., Otley H. & Nicol S. 2003. Diving behaviour, dive cycles and aerobic dive limit in the platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 136, 799–809.

Bowers, C. & Henderson R. 1972. Project Deep OPS: Deep object recovery with pilot and killer whales. Report NUC TP 306, from the Naval Undersea Center, Hawaii Laboratory.

Boyd, I. L. & Croxall J. P. 1996. Dive durations in pinnipeds and seabirds. Canadian. J. Zool. 74, 1696-1705.

Chilvers, B. L., Delean S., Gales N. J., Holley D. K., Lawler I. R., Marsh H. & Preen A. R. 2004. Diving behaviour of dugongs, Dugong dugon. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 304, 203-224.

Delong, R. L. & Stewart B. S. 1991. Diving patterns of northern Elephant seal bulls. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 7, 369-384.

Eguchi, T. & Harvey J. T. 2005. Diving behavior of the Pacific Harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardsi) in Monterey Bay, California. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 21, 283-295.

Francis, J., Boness D. & Ochoa-Acuna H. 1998. A protracted foraging and attendance cycle in female Juan Fernandez fur seals. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 14, 552-574.

Georges, J-Y., Tremblay Y. & Guinet C. 2000. Seasonal diving behaviour in lactating subantarctic fur seals on Amsterdam Island. Polar Biol. 23, 59-69.

Gjertz, I., Griffiths D., Krafft B., Lydersen C. & Wiig Ø. 2001. Diving and haul-out patterns of walruses Odobenus rosmarus on Svalbard. Polar Biol. 24, 314-319.

Hanson, M. B. & Baird R. W. 1998. Dall's Porpoise Reactions To Tagging Attempts Using A Remotely-Deployed Suction-Cup Tag. Mar. Technol. Soc. J. 32, 18-23.

Hobson, R. & Martin A. 1996. Behaviour and dive times of Arnoux's beaked whales, Berardius arnuxii, at narrow leads in fast ice. Can. J. Zool. 74, 388-393.

Hooker, S. K. & Baird R. W. 1999. Deep-diving behaviour of the Northern bottlenose whale, Hyperoodon ampullatus (Cetacea: Ziphiidae). Proc. R. Soc. B 266, 671-676.

Kiraç, C. O., Savas Y., Güçlüsoy H. & Veryeri N. O. 2002. Observations on diving beahviour of free-ranging Mediterranean monk seals Monachus monachus on Turkish coasts. The Monachus Guardian 5.

Kooyman, G. L. & Trillmich F. 1986. Diving Behavior of Galapagos Fur Seals. In Fur Seals: Maternal Strategies on Land and at Sea (eds R. L. Gentry and G. L. Kooyman), pp 186-195. Princeton University Press, New Jersey.

Krafft, B. A., Lydersen C., Kovacs K. M., Gjertz L. & Haug T. 2000. Diving behaviour of lactating bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus) in the Svalbard area. Can. J. Zool. 78, 1408-1418.

Kuhn, C. E., McDonald B. I., Shaffer S. A., Barnes J., Crocker D. E., Burns J. & Costa D. P. 2006. Diving physiology and winter foraging behavior of a juvenile leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx). Polar Biol. 29, 303-307.

Laidre, K. L., Heide-Jørgensen M. & Dietz R. 2002. Diving behaviour of narwhals (Monodon monoceros) at two coastal localities in the Canadian High Arctic. Can. J. Zool. 80, 624-635.

Lydersen, C. & Kovacs K. M. 1993. Diving behaviour of lactating harp seal, Phoca groenlandica, females from the Gulf of St Lawrence, Canada. Anim. Behav. 46, 1213-1221.

Mate, B.R., Lagerquist B. A., Winsor M., Geraci J. & Prescott J. H. 2005. Movement and dive habits of a satellite-monitored longfinned pilot whale (Globicephala melas) in the northwest Atlantic. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 21, 136-144.

Mattlin, R., Gales N. J. & Costa D. P. 1998. Seasonal dive behaviour of lactating New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri). Can. J. Zool. 76, 350-360.

Ropert-Coudert, Y., Kato A. & Wilson R. P. 2006. The Penguiness book. Electronic publication, http://polaris.nipr.ac.jp/~penguin/penguiness/, version 1.0, June 2006.

Schreer, J. F. & Kovacs K. M. 1997. Allometry of diving capacity in air-breathing vertebrates. Can. J. Zool. 75, 339-358.

Slip, D. J., Hindell M. A. & Burton H. R. 1994. Diving Behavior of Southern Elephant Seals from Macquarie Island: An Overview. In Elephant Seals: Population Ecology, Behavior, and Physiology (eds B. J. LeBoeuf and R. Laws), pp 253-270. University of California Press, Los Angeles.

Stearling, J. & Ream R. 2004. At-sea behavior of juvenile male northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus). Can. J. Zool. 82, 1621-1637.

Teilmann, J., Born E. W. & Acquarone M. 1999. Behaviour of ringed seals tagged with satellite transmitters in the North Water polynya during fast-ice formation. Can. J. Zool. 77, 1934–1946.

Trillmich, F., Kooyman G. L., Majluf P. & Sanchez-Griñan M. 1986. Attendance and Diving Behavior of South American Fur Seals during El Niño in 1983. In Fur Seals: Maternal Strategies on Land and at Sea (eds R. L. Gentry and G. L. Kooyman) pp 154-167. Princeton University Press, New Jersey.

Tyack, P. L., Johnson M., Soto N. A., Sturlese A. & Madsen P. T. 2006. Extreme diving of beaked whales. J. Exp. Biol. 209, 4238-4253.

Wahlberg, M. 2002. The acoustic behaviour of diving sperm whales observed with a hydrophone array. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 281, 53-62.

Watanabe, Y., Mitani Y., Sato K., Cameron M. F. & Naito Y. 2003. Dive depths of Weddell seals in relation to vertical prey distribution as estimated by image data. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 252, 283–288.

Watanabe, Y., Baranov E. A., Sato K., Naito Y. & Miyazaki N. 2004. Foraging tactics of Baikal seals differ between day and night. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 279, 283-289.

Werner, R. & Campagna C. 1995. Diving behaviour of lactating southern sea lions (Otaria flavescens) in Patagonia. Can. J. Zool. 73, 1975-1982.