Name: ______

Rocks Notes: Chapter 4

Classifying rocks

  • Color provides clues to ______composition
  • Granite is ______
  • High in ______
  • ______is dark
  • ______silica
  • ______composition
  • Rock forming ______
  • ______minerals make up most of the rocks in earth’s crust
  • Texture: the way the rock ______and ______
  • Grain: The particles of ______or other rocks that give a rock its texture
  • Grain size
  • Fine: ______grain
  • Coarse: large ______
  • Grain shape varies
  • ______or fragments of several rocks
  • ______or jagged
  • Grain pattern
  • Can be different within the ______rock
  • ______
  • ______
  • ______

Classification of Rocks

  • How rocks form: determine how a rock is ______
  • Igneous
  • Cooled ______or ______
  • Sedimentary
  • From rocks and ______of plants or animals pressed together
  • Forms in layers that are ______below the surface
  • Metamorphic
  • Existing rock ______by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions
  • Most forms deep ______

Igneous rocks

  • Igneous Rock: A type of rock that forms from the ______of molten rock at or below the surface.
  • Classifying Igneous Rocks
  • Origin
  • Extrusive Rock: forms on earth’s ______
  • ______is most common (on ocean floor)
  • Intrusive Rock: forms from magma ______Earth’s surface
  • ______is the most abundant
  • Texture: depends on ______and shape of mineral crystals
  • Small crystals: Lava cools ______
  • ______rock
  • ______
  • Obsidian: no ______
  • Large crystals: ______cooling magma
  • ______rock
  • ______
  • Mineral composition
  • Amount of ______affects the types of rock formed.
  • Lava low silica forms ______rock
  • ______with feldspar, no quartz
  • Magma high in silica forms ______colored rock
  • Granite
  • Uses of igneous rocks
  • ______material
  • ______, buildings, roads
  • Countertops, curbstones, ______
  • ______
  • ______
  • Gardening

Sedimentary Rocks

  • Sedimentary Rock: The type of rock that is made of ______sediment.
  • From ______to rock
  • Sediment: small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or ______things
  • 1. Erosion
  • Destructive forces ______up and wear away rocks on surface
  • ______
  • Ice
  • ______
  • Particles are ______away from their source by wind or H2O
  • 2. Deposition
  • Sediment ______out of water or wind carrying it
  • Particles deposited as ______packed sediment
  • 3. Compaction
  • Layers ______up
  • Particles are ______together under pressure
  • 4. Cementation
  • ______minerals crystallize
  • Particles ______together as mineral solutions harden
  • Types of Sedimentary Rocks
  • Clastic
  • ______pieces of other rocks ______together
  • Ex: ______, sandstone, conglomerate, breecia
  • Organic
  • Remains of ______and ______
  • Ex: ______and limestone
  • Chemical
  • Crystallizing of ______materials
  • Ex: calcite, ______
  • Uses of Sedimentary Rocks
  • Building
  • ______

Metamorphic Rock

  • Metamorphic Rock:A type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by ______,______, or chemical reactions.
  • When rock ______into metamorphic rock, its appearance, texture, crystal structure, and mineral content change
  • Types of Metamorphic Rock
  • Classified according to arrangement of ______in rock
  • Foliated: grains arranged in parallel ______or bands
  • Ex: shale
  • Nonfoliated: mineral grains arranged ______
  • Ex: quartzite, marble
  • Uses of metamorphic rock
  • ______: slate
  • Sculpture: ______

Rock Cycle

  • Rock cycle: a series of processes on Earth’s ______and in the crust and mantle that slowly ______rocks from one kind to ______

  • Rocks can take many different pathways to ______from one form to another