Name: ______
Rocks Notes: Chapter 4
Classifying rocks
- Color provides clues to ______composition
- Granite is ______
- High in ______
- ______is dark
- ______silica
- ______composition
- Rock forming ______
- ______minerals make up most of the rocks in earth’s crust
- Texture: the way the rock ______and ______
- Grain: The particles of ______or other rocks that give a rock its texture
- Grain size
- Fine: ______grain
- Coarse: large ______
- Grain shape varies
- ______or fragments of several rocks
- ______or jagged
- Grain pattern
- Can be different within the ______rock
- ______
- ______
- ______
Classification of Rocks
- How rocks form: determine how a rock is ______
- Igneous
- Cooled ______or ______
- Sedimentary
- From rocks and ______of plants or animals pressed together
- Forms in layers that are ______below the surface
- Metamorphic
- Existing rock ______by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions
- Most forms deep ______
Igneous rocks
- Igneous Rock: A type of rock that forms from the ______of molten rock at or below the surface.
- Classifying Igneous Rocks
- Origin
- Extrusive Rock: forms on earth’s ______
- ______is most common (on ocean floor)
- Intrusive Rock: forms from magma ______Earth’s surface
- ______is the most abundant
- Texture: depends on ______and shape of mineral crystals
- Small crystals: Lava cools ______
- ______rock
- ______
- Obsidian: no ______
- Large crystals: ______cooling magma
- ______rock
- ______
- Mineral composition
- Amount of ______affects the types of rock formed.
- Lava low silica forms ______rock
- ______with feldspar, no quartz
- Magma high in silica forms ______colored rock
- Granite
- Uses of igneous rocks
- ______material
- ______, buildings, roads
- Countertops, curbstones, ______
- ______
- ______
- Gardening
Sedimentary Rocks
- Sedimentary Rock: The type of rock that is made of ______sediment.
- From ______to rock
- Sediment: small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or ______things
- 1. Erosion
- Destructive forces ______up and wear away rocks on surface
- ______
- Ice
- ______
- Particles are ______away from their source by wind or H2O
- 2. Deposition
- Sediment ______out of water or wind carrying it
- Particles deposited as ______packed sediment
- 3. Compaction
- Layers ______up
- Particles are ______together under pressure
- 4. Cementation
- ______minerals crystallize
- Particles ______together as mineral solutions harden
- Types of Sedimentary Rocks
- Clastic
- ______pieces of other rocks ______together
- Ex: ______, sandstone, conglomerate, breecia
- Organic
- Remains of ______and ______
- Ex: ______and limestone
- Chemical
- Crystallizing of ______materials
- Ex: calcite, ______
- Uses of Sedimentary Rocks
- Building
- ______
Metamorphic Rock
- Metamorphic Rock:A type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by ______,______, or chemical reactions.
- When rock ______into metamorphic rock, its appearance, texture, crystal structure, and mineral content change
- Types of Metamorphic Rock
- Classified according to arrangement of ______in rock
- Foliated: grains arranged in parallel ______or bands
- Ex: shale
- Nonfoliated: mineral grains arranged ______
- Ex: quartzite, marble
- Uses of metamorphic rock
- ______: slate
- Sculpture: ______
Rock Cycle
- Rock cycle: a series of processes on Earth’s ______and in the crust and mantle that slowly ______rocks from one kind to ______
- Rocks can take many different pathways to ______from one form to another