BONDING AND NOMENCLATURE REVIEW - KEY

BONDING

State the octet rule.

Atoms react by changing the number of electrons in their outer shells as to acquire the stable structure of noble gases (8 electrons in outer shell).

Complete the table below.

Element symbol / Formula for ion / # of electrons gained or lost / Name of ion / Anion or Cation?
1. Sr / Sr2+ / 2 electrons lost / strontium ion / cation
2. P / P3- / 3 electrons gained / phosphide ion / anion
3. Br / Br- / 1 electron gained / bromide ion / anion
4. O / O2- / 2 electrons gained / oxide ion / anion
5. Cs / Cs+ / 1 electron lost / cesium ion / cation

Complete the table below.

Formula and charge for ion / Name of ion
1. SO32- / sulfite ion
2. PO43- / phosphate ion
3. NH4+ / ammonium ion
4. CO32- / carbonate ion
5. ClO2- / chlorite ion
6. CrO42- / chromate ion

What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?

Ionic bond – electrons transferred (metal + nonmetal, metal + polyatomic ion, or 2 polyatomic ions)

Covalent bond – electrons shared (2 or more nonmetals, no ions)

State whether the following compounds would contain ionic bonds, covalent bonds, or both.

a. KF ionic b. Br2 covalent c. N2Cl4 covalent

d. P2O5 covalent e. FeS ionic f. NH4OH both

g. H2SO4 both h. CBr4 covalent i. Mg3(PO4)2 both

Draw all of the resonance structures and name the 3-dimensional shape of this molecule:

CO32-

For each of the following, draw the lewis structure and name the 3-dimensional shape (tetrahedral, pyramidal, bent, linear, or triangular planar). State whether the molecule is polar or nonpolar. If it is polar, then indicate polarity with an arrow or with the appropriate symbols for partial charges.

PCl3 H2S

SO42- NO2-

CO2 SO32-

NOMENCLATURE

Write the correct chemical names or formulas for the following acids:

HF hydrofluoric acid H2CO3 carbonic acid

H2SO3 sulfurous acid HCN hydrocyanic acid

nitrous acid HNO2 chloric acid HClO3

Complete the chart below. (Note: ionic compounds and molecular compounds are mixed together!)

Formula / Name
Ca(OH)2 / Calcium hydroxide
Na3PO4 / Sodium phosphate
NCl3 / Nitrogen trichloride
Pb3(PO4) 2 / Lead (II) phosphate
Mn3N2 / Manganese (II) nitride
NBr3 / Nitrogen tribromide
Co(NO2)2 / Cobalt (II) nitrite
Zn(HCO3)2 / Zinc bicarbonate
NO / Nitrogen monoxide
AgNO3 / Silver nitrate
PCl3 / Phosphorus trichloride
MgCrO4 / Magnesium chromate
CsI / Cesium iodide
SrSO4 / Strontium sulfate
Ba(ClO3) 2 / Barium chlorate
PI3 / Phosphorus triiodide
MnO / Manganese (II) oxide
SnF2 / Tin (II) fluoride
K2Cr2O7 / Potassium dichromate
Li2SO3 / Lithium sulfite
Al2(CO3) 3 / Aluminum carbonate