Chapter 12 Study Guide
All the terms
Section review questions
Chapter assessment questions
Quiz questions!
You will see questions LIKE the following—but not identical to them!!
The structure labeled X in Figure 12-1 is a(an) ______.
Figure 12–1
. The order of nitrogenous bases in DNA determines the order of ______in proteins.
The lac repressor releases the operator in the presence of ______.
In eukaryotes, proteins that attract RNA polymerase bind to ______sequences in DNA.
According to the principle of ______, hydrogen bonds can form only between adenine and thymine, and between guanine and cytosine.
Chromatin contains proteins called ______.
In Figure 12-7, A, B, and C are three types of ______.
Figure 12–7
After introns are cut out of an RNA molecule, the remaining ______are spliced back together to form the final messenger RNA.
A mutation in a series of genes, called the ______, can change the organs that develop in specific parts of an embryo.
Short Answer
In Figure 12-2, which molecule is tRNA, and what is its function? (2 points)
Figure 12–2
According to Figure 12-3, what codons specify the amino acid glutamic acid? (2 points)
Figure 12–3
What happens to lac repressors in E. coli when lactose is present? (2 points)
Why are hox genes that are found in different animals very similar to one another? (2 points)
What are the three main parts of an RNA nucleotide? (3 points)
What causes translation to stop? (1 point)
What is a mutation? (1 point)
Essay
Describe the scientific history of our current understanding of the genetic material. You could include thorough descriptions of the experiments of Griffith, Avery, Franklin, Hershey and Chase, Watson, Crick, and Wilkins. Be sure to discuss the significance of each scientist’s work. What were the scientists’ conclusions? What was the evidence used to support their conclusions (how did they know?) How did the work of these scientists inform our understanding of DNA today? (20 points)
USING SCIENCE SKILLS
Figure 12–4
43. Interpreting Graphics What process is illustrated in Figure 12-4? (2 points)
44. Interpreting Graphics Identify structure C in Figure 12-4. (1 point)
45. Interpreting Graphics Which labeled structure in Figure 12-4 is a codon? (1 point)