Unit Twelve Packet

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Unit Twelve Packet

Living with Turmoil

Chapter 36: The Cold War Begins

Chapter 37: The Eisenhower Era

Chapter 38: The Stormy Sixties

Assignment: / Points Available: / Points Earned:
Key terms
Identification
People, Places, Events
Applying what you learned

Name:______APUSHBlock:______

Content Objectives:

▪Explain the causes and consequences of the post–World War II economic boom

▪Describe the large postwar migrations to the Sunbelt and the suburbs

▪Explain changes in American society and culture brought about by the baby boom

▪Explain the origin and causes of the emerging conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union after Germany’s defeat and Truman’s accession to the presidency

▪Describe the early U.S.-Soviet Cold War conflicts over Germany and Eastern Europe, and explain why the United Nations proved largely ineffectual in addressing them

▪Discuss the American theory and practice of containment, as reflected in the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and NATO

▪Describe the concern about Soviet spying and communist subversion within the United States and the increasing climate of fear it engendered

▪Describe the expansion of the Cold War to East Asia, including the Chinese communist revolution and the Korean War

Textbook Reading Assignment:

The American Pageant

Pages 908-941

Supplemental Reading Assignments:

George Marshall, The Marshall Plan 1947

The Truman Doctrine by Harry S. Truman

Chapter theme(s):

Key Terms:

GI Bill

Sunbelt

Levittown

Baby boom

Yalta conference

Cold War

United Nations

Nuremberg war crimes trial

Berlin airlift

Containment doctrine

Truman Doctrine

Marshall Plan North Atlantic Treaty Organization

HUAC

Fair Deal

Korean War

Benjamin Spock

Joseph Stalin

Identification

Supply the correct identification for each numbered description.

1.______Popular name for the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act that provided education and economic assistance to former soldiers

2.______Shorthand name for the southern and western regions of the United States that experienced the highest rates of growth after World War II

3.______New York suburb where postwar builders pioneered the techniques of mass home construction

4.______Term for the dramatic rise in U.S. births that began immediately after World War II

5.______Big Three wartime conference that later became the focus of charges that Roosevelt had sold out Eastern Europe to the Soviet communists

6.______The extended post–World War II confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union that stopped just short of a shooting war

7.______Meeting of Western Allies during World War II that established the economic structures to promote recovery and enhance FDR’s vision of an open world

8.______New international organization that experienced some early successes in diplomatic and cultural areas but failed in areas like atomic arms control

9.______Allied-organized judicial tribunal that convicted and executed top Nazi leaders for war crimes

10.______American-sponsored effort that provided substantial funds for the economic relief and recovery of Western Europe

11.______The new anti-Soviet organization of Western nations that ended the long-time American tradition of not joining permanent military alliances

12.______Jiang Jieshi’s (Chiang Kai-shek’s) pro-American forces, which lost the Chinese civil war to Mao Zedong’s (Mao Tse-tung’s) communists in 1949

13.______Key U.S. government memorandum that militarized American foreign policy and indicated national faith in the economy’s capacity to sustain large military expenditures

14.______U.S. House of Representatives committee that took the lead in investigating alleged procommunist agents such as Alger Hiss

15.______The dividing line between North and South Korea, across which the fighting between communists and United Nations forces ebbed and flowed during the Korean War

D. Matching People, Places, and Events

Match the person, place, or event in the left column with the proper description in the right column by inserting the correct letter on the blank line.

1.___Benjamin Spock
2.___Hermann Goering
3.___Joseph Stalin
4.___Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
5.___Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek)
6.___George F. Kennan
7.___Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung)
8.___George C. Marshall
9.___J. Robert Oppenheimer
10.___Reinhold Niebuhr
11.___Richard Nixon
12.___Joseph McCarthy
13.___Henry A. Wallace
14.___Strom Thurmond
15.___Douglas MacArthur / a.Top Nazi official who committed suicide after being convicted in war-crimes trials
b.Physician who provided advice on child rearing to baby-boomers’ parents after World War II
c.Young California congressman whose investigation of Alger Hiss spurred fears of communist influence in America
d.Chinese Nationalist leader whose corrupt and ineffective government fell to communist rebels in 1949
e.Originator of a massive program for the economic relief and recovery of devastated Europe
f.American military commander in Korea fired by President Harry Truman
g.Former vice president of the United States whose 1948 campaign as a pro-Soviet liberal split the Democratic Party
h.Leading American theologian who advocated Christian realism and the use of force if necessary to maintain justice against Nazi or Stalinist evil
i.Wisconsin senator whose charges of communist infiltration of the U.S. government deepened the anti-red atmosphere of the early 1950s
j.Former scientific director of the Manhattan Project who joined Albert Einstein in opposing development of the hydrogen bomb
k.The tough leader whose violation of agreements in Eastern Europe and Germany helped launch the Cold War
l.Leader of the Chinese Communists whose revolutionary army seized power in China in 1949
m.Americans convicted and executed for spying and passing atomic secrets to the Soviet Union
n.Southern segregationist who led Dixiecrat presidential campaign against Truman in 1948
o.Brilliant U.S. specialist on the Soviet Union and originator of the theory that U.S. policy should be to contain the Soviet Union

Applying what you Learned:

1. Why did the American economy soar from 1950 to 1970? How did this new, widely distributed affluence alter the American way of life?

1. Explain the steps that led to the long-term involvement of the United States in major overseas military commitments and expenditures, including NATO and the Korean War. How did expanding military power and the Cold War affect American society and its ideas?

1. Discuss President Harry Truman’s role as a leader in both international and domestic affairs from 1945 to 1952. Does Truman deserve to be considered a great president? Why or why not?

1. Why did World War II—unlike World War I—lead to a permanent end to American isolationism (see Chapter 30)?

1. Compared to the total victory and unconditional surrender of World War II, the Korean War led to a frustrating stalemate and armed hostile peace. What made Korea a different sort of war? Why was MacArthur’s claim that “there is no substitute for victory” problematic in the case of Korea?