Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, and Landscapes Outline

Name ______HR ______

Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, and Landscapes Outline

Weathering

n  The ______of ______due to ______or ______changes

Physical Weathering

n  Changes the ______and/or ______of a ______without changing the ______composition

n  In ______action, ______seeps into ______in rocks. The water ______as it ______and makes ______in the rock a little larger

n  When the ______melts and the liquid ______, the rock is left more ______

n  Over time, the ______and ______in the cracks will cause the rock to ______

Physical Weathering

n  ______roots grow in rock ______and gradually ______the rock ______

n  ______that ______beneath the ground will ______new rock ______to ______

n  ______ occurs when rock ______are carried in water, they ______and ______against other ______

Chemical Weathering

n  When rocks are ______to the ______and ______, they often undergo ______in the ______composition of rock, forming new ______

n  Usually requires ______and ______to bring about ______changes

n  Therefore, it takes place more ______in ______, ______climates

Soil Formation

n  Soil is a ______of weathered ______and ______remains the usually covers ______

n  The weathering of ______produces ______layers

n  The ______layer is usually the best for growing ______because it is rich in ______remains called ______

n  The next layer is usually ______enriched from ______transporting ______

n  The ______layer is composed of ______-up ______

Erosion of Sediments

n  ______ are rocks that have been ______into ______

n  ______ is the ______of ______away from their place of ______and ______them elsewhere

n  ______, ______, ______, and ______erode sediments

Erosion by Water

n  The ______particles are carried in ______

n  The ______and most ______particles are ______or ______along the streambed

n  Particles of low ______, such as ______remains, are carried along the ______by ______

Velocity of Streams

n  The ______of a stream is controlled by the ______and the ______of water ______in the stream (______)

n  As the stream ______increases, so does the ______of the water ______in the stream

n  ______is also increased by an ______in the ______of ______in the stream

n  There is a direct ______between the ______of a ______and the ______of the ______it can transport

n  ______grains of ______can only be ______by fast-moving water

n  Streams with ______, ______valleys often develop _____-shaped curves called ______

n  At the ______in the ______, the ______-flowing water swings to the ______of the ______, causing ______along the ______bank

n  The ______moving water stays to the ______of the ______, causing ______

Erosion by Wind

n  ______can pick up ______rock materials, such as ______, ______, and ______, and ______them away

n  ______erosion occurs mostly in ______areas, such as ______and ______

n  ______blown by the wind can ______down material on a rock’s surface

Erosion by Ice

n  If more ______accumulates in the ______than ______in the ______, the ______on the bottom turns to ______

n  If it becomes ______enough, its ______will cause it to ______under the pull of ______

n  A ______ is a large mass of ______ice

n  As a glacier ______, it carries, pushes, and drags loose ______material

n  The ______, with pieces of ______, smoothes, striates (______),
and ______bedrock

n  As a glacier ______through a ______, it will make a ___-shape instead of a ____-shape caused by ______

n  When the ______melts, unsorted ______and ______are left scattered around on ______and sides of valleys

Deposition

n  When an agent of erosion ______, or lays down ______and ______of earth materials (______)

n  Also called ______-

n  Most ______takes place in ______

Deposition Factors

n  Particle ______

n  ______particles (clay and silt) settle more ______than cobbles and boulders

n  Particle ______

n  Friction between ______and the ______of particles ______down ______

n  ______, ______particles settle more ______

n  Particle ______

n  ______particles settle ______, ______dense particles take ______time to settle

n  Settling ______and ______

n  ______that settle at a ______rate require ______time

n  As the rate of settling ______, the settling time ______

Sorting of Sediments

n  ______ sorting occurs at the ______of ______

n  The ______sediments can be carried a ______distance from shore

n  ______ sorting occurs when a landscape ______a variety of particle sizes in to still water

Deposition by Wind

n  Usually sorts ______by ______

n  ______bedding ______meet a different ______

Deposition by Gravity

n  At the ______of a ______, where ______of weathered rock have ______, you will find ______of many different ______

n  The ______are not ______

Deposition by Glaciers

n  Occurs when a ______melts and sediments are ______

n  Glacial ______ are large ______that have been ______by glacial ______without being ______into small particles

n  They are often found ______above ______valleys

n  ______and striations (______) indicate transport by ______

Alpine Glaciers

n  Also known as ______glaciers, occur in ______regions, and may ______out ______-shaped ______with their moving ______

Continental Glaciers

n  Also known as ______sheets causes ______of the ______as rocks are ______within the ______or ______under the flowing ice

Glacial Features

n  ______ – when glaciers act like ______, grinding the ______edges from the ______and ______hard bedrock ______

n  ______ – parallel ______and ______in the bedrock left by the ______in the glacier

n  ______ – accumulation of ______and ______that builds up in ______of the flowing ice

n  ______ – where the ice front ______its southward advance, ______of unsorted ______and ______remain

n  ______ – ______spots in the glacial deposits and places where large, ______ice blocks ______leave these dry ______and ______called ______

North American Continental Glaciation

The Oceans and Coasts

n  ______covers almost _____% of our planet

n  The average ______is about ______(______)

n  One ______of ______contains about ______% of dissolved _____

n  Sodium chloride (______) is the most ______

n  When ______of ocean water causes the ______to become too ______to stay in solution, they are ______as ______

n  The ______of the oceans are places of ______caused by the action of ______and ______currents

n  Beach ______are ______and reduced in ______by ______as the energy in the breaking ______causes the ______to ______against one another

n  ______is often transported along the ______and just outside the breaking waves in the zone of ______

n  This ______of sand builds the ______of the ocean ______including sand bars, barrier islands, and sand spits

Landscapes

n  A ______on Earth’s ______with physical ______, such as ______, ______, and ______

n  The ______(______) and ______of the landscape is determined by the ______, ______, geologic ______, and human activities

n  Topographic ______ is the change in ______between the ______and the ______places

Landscape Regions

n  ______ landscapes have the greatest ______between the highest ______and the deepest ______

n  A great ______of ______types are common

n  ______are common where ______tectonic ______collide

n  Stream ______are ______, and the ______moving streams quickly ______deep ______between the mountain peaks

n  ______ landscapes are relatively ______or ______uplands where streams have ______deep ______

n  Commonly underlain by flat layers of ______rock

n  Less topographic ______than mountains but ______relief than the plains

n  ______ have the least topographic ______

n  They may contain a ______small ______, but are generally ______and at ______elevation

n  Commonly underlain by flat layers of ______rock

Climate Influence on Regions

n  ______, ______ climates usually have ______landscapes

n  ______are ______as steep because moist climates promote a protective cover of ______

n  ______cover ______the soil from rapid ______and ______

n  ______ (______) climates usually produce ______soils with ______humus

n  With ______plant cover to protect the soil, ______is carried ______during ______

n  Large areas of ______bedrock and ______rock faces are the result

Landscape Regions of the US Landscape Regions of NY

Drainage Patterns

n  ______rocks will form ______and ______

n  ______of the ______rock will make the major ______

n  ______will tend to follow zones of ______rock and flow ______

Human Activities Can Affect Landscapes

n  ______and ______projects can accelerate ______and ______landscape development

n  ______and ______must be guided in ______their projects by appropriate ______practices