Loan from World Bank

Loan From World Bank

Environmental Impact Assessment

on

A Subsequent Project

of

Shijiazhuang Municipal Traffic Project

(Simplified Edition)

Construction Unit: Shijiazhuang Municipal Traffic Project Office

Evaluation Unit: Hebei University of Science and Technology

1. Background of the subsequent project

The “Shijiazhuang Municipal Traffic Project loaning from World Bank” is formally started in 1999, which mainly invested in the municipal traffic road net, municipal public traffic, traffic management, road maintenance, environmental protection and etc. With the construction and putting into use one after the other, the municipal traffic of Shijiazhuang City is improved greatly and the quality of municipal environment turns better.

In order to use the superfluous loan well, Shijiazhuang Municipal Traffic Project Office and World Bank have sufficiently discussed many times and decided that the superfluous loan will be used continuously to boost the construction of Shijiazhuang public traffic, and at the same time, to further improve the municipal traffic structure, elevate the road net service level and provide necessary conditions and efficient guarantee to municipal sustainable development through strengthening traffic management, road maintenance and improving the joints of road nets.

The subsequent project includes Pingan Street Project, Zhaolingpu Cloverleaf Junction Project, North 2nd ring-Hongxing Street Cloverleaf Junction Project, Zhonghua North Street Project and Huaian Road-Puyuanjie pedestrian bridge Project. The World Bank has pointed out in the memorandum that the subsequent project should support and realize the overall strategy of Shijiazhuang Traffic Project and be in accordance with the predetermined goals, and all the projects should accord with the requirements of project environmental management activities and migration activity plan.

2. Standard

The Environmental Assessment Standards adopted China’s domestic relevant Environmental Quality Standards and Pollutants Discharge Standards. The selected standards have already been confirmed by Shijiazhuang Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau.

3. Main contents of the subsequent project

As the supplementation and perfection of Shijiazhuang Municipal Traffic Project, the subsequent project consists of special public transportation road project, cloverleaf junction project for road net joints, perfection project of present road nets, traffic management project, public traffic research and matching projects, including Pingan Street Road Project, Zhaolingpu Cloverleaf Junction Project, North 2nd ring-Hongxing Street flyover Project, Zhonghua North Street Project, Huaian Road-Puyuanjie pedestrian bridge Project. The project investment is estimated as 339,538,000RMB, among which 271,103,100 is for construction and installation.

4. Environmental impacts during construction period and the mitigation measures

4.1 Environmental impacts during construction period

4.1.1 Impact on air during construction period

The main pollutants to the air during road construction are lime-soil mixing, secondary blowing dust from the operation of construction vehicles and road machinery, asphalt fume and benzo (a) pyrene produced in the process of asphaltum decoction and stirring when the road surface is paved.

(1) Dust pollution caused by the mixing of lime and soil

The lime-soil mixing will be done at a station. It is provided by Processing Factory of Shijiazhuang Municipal Construction Head Office, therefore, there is no impact from stirring station on both sides of the road, whereas, the dust produced from mixing soil’s spreading-cloth and leveling process at the spot will have impact on the ambient environment. Shijiazhuang City Government has issued “Shijizhuang City Dust Pollution Prevention Method at Construction Site” and the municipal traffic project has taken more strict management rules at construction sites. The management effect of initial period of the project shows that the dust can not be avoided but can be controlled effectively.

(2) During the period of construction, the transportation and the loading and unloading of goods and materials will bring dust pollution along the road.

In the course of materials’ loading and unloading and the transportation between the building sites, a great deal of dust come into being. Its influence could last 30 minutes and the influence scope extends to about 300 meters. During the construction period, the transportation causes dust reentrainment, the influence scope could reach 50 meters all around. Therefore, it is necessary to control the carrying mode of goods and materials, the transportation vehicles transport and cover the materials, discarded residues and discarded soil by a closed way, working in the loading and unloading site, equip the measure of preventing dust, sprinkle water regularly, restrict the work of loading and unloading and etc under the condition of unfavorable weather.

Road construction may pollute the atmosphere environment of both sides of road and the surroundings of construction site, increase the concentration of TSP and affect the living of people. Shijiazhuang Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center has ever made analogical monitoring to the construction site at the southern part of Tiyu Street. The results showed that whether spraying water or not would make great difference to the environment. The details are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Pollution analysis of raised dust at construction site

Location monitoring / No watering / Watering
Concentration of TSP at different distance / 10m / 1.75 / 0.437
20m / 1.30 / 0.350
30m / 0.780 / 0.310
40m / 0.365 / 0.265
50m / 0.345 / 0.250
100m / 0.330 / 0.238

During the construction period, the sections (such as residential areas, schools, hospitals and etc.) which are sensitive to raised dust should be paid much more attentions. It should take measures to controll raised dust and mitigate the pollution. For example, spraying water to road surface to decrease dust, controlling transportation vehicles when passing the populous area, such as villages, school and etc., taking a bypass or change the route. If there is no bypass or the route can not be changed, the rush hour should be avoided in order to decrease the influence of road dust.

(3) The analysis of impact of asphalt fume and benzo(a)pyrene

Asphalt fume and benzo(a)pyrene are mainly produced during asphalt decoction and mixing at asphalt concrete mixing station. The subsequent project will not built new asphalt concrete mixing station and the asphalt concrete as a commodity is supplied by Concrete Processing Factory of Shijiazhuang City Municipal Construction Company. The material mixture will be transported to the site by automobiles and a little amount of asphalt fume is produced. Such a small amount of fume can not be controlled at present, but its quantity is quite small and the duration is short.Therefore, Asphalt fume and benzo (a) pyrene have little impact on environment and the impact will vanish with the completion of the construction.

4.1.2 Impact of noise during construction period

4.1.2.1 Construction machinery and noise source intensity

The project construction which have relatively great effect on the noise environment are bulldozer, loader, road rollers, excavator, tippers, pavers and other construction machineries. The maximum noise levels of the above machinery equipments are listed in table 2.

Table 2 Noises of construction machineries and transportation operation

Name / Distance between monitoring point and sound source(m) / Highest sound levels
(dB(A))
Bulldozer / 5 / 86
Loader / 5 / 90
Roller / 5 / 84
Excavator / 5 / 86
Tipper / 7.5 / 88
Paver / 5 / 87

4.1.2.2 Influence scope of construction noise

The assessment standard for environmental noise of construction machinery during operation is “Noise Limitation Values of Construction Site”（GB12523-90）.

This project includes construction of public transport priority, present road net perfection, cloverleaf junction and etc. Public transport priority and present road net perfection include several phases, namely cleaning, paving the road surface, installing auxiliary facilities and so on. The construction of cloverleaf junction includes pile foundation casting in-place, pile caps casting，upper structure construction and road surface construction. When operating at each stage, equipments need certain operation space and the construction machinery need a certain working distance. Therefore, the noise source intensity is the point sound source and the noise attenuation formula is as follows:

LA=LO-20lg (rA/ro)

In the formula： LA----noise level at the distance of rA from noise source, dB(A);

LO---- noise level at the distance of ro from noise source, dB (A).

Using the above formula, the calculated area influenced by the construction machinery noise is shown in table 3.

Table 3 Area influenced by noise of construction machinery

Level(dB)
Machinery / Distance(m) / Standard Value
(dB) / Distance reached standard
(m)
10 / 20 / 40 / 60 / 80 / 100 / 150 / Day / Night / Day / Night
Loader / 84.0 / 78.0 / 72.0 / 68.4 / 66.0 / 64.0 / 60.5 / 75 / 55 / 28 / 281
Roller / 78.0 / 72.0 / 66.0 / 62.4 / 60.0 / 58.0 / 54.5 / 75 / 55 / 14 / 140
Excavator / 85.5 / 79.5 / 73.5 / 70.0 / 67.0 / 65.5 / 62.0 / 75 / 55 / 34 / 335
Tipper / 80.0 / 74.0 / 68.0 / 64.4 / 62.0 / 60.0 / 56.5 / 70 / 55 / 31 / 177
Paver / 81.0 / 75.0 / 69.0 / 65.4 / 63.0 / 61.0 / 57.5 / 70 / 55 / 35 / 199

From the calculation, we know that, without any shelter and using a single machine, the influence scope is 35 meters in the day and 335 meters at night, and beyond this distance, the noise will meet the requirement of “Noise Limitation Value for Construction Site”(GB12523-90).

4.1.2.3 Analysis of impact of construction noise

(1) If using a single machine, it may reach GB12523－90 Noise Limitation Values of the Construction Site when being 35m away or farther from the construction site in the daytime and it can reach the standard limitation value when being 335m away or farther from the construction site at night. In the actual construction, normally many kinds of machines are used at the same time, and noise influence scope will be larger, especially, the construction of Hongxing Street-North 2nd ring cloverleaf junction and Zhaolingpu cloverleaf junction project have high noise source and long construction period, so the inhabitants’ living will be influenced in a certain extent.

(2) On average, the noise sensitive point is about 5～30m away from the construction site. The construction noise has great effect on surrounding sound environment. During daytime，the project will have an obvious impact on the study of students in school and the treatment and rest of patients in hospital along the road, and it has an especially evident effect on the inhabitants at night, therefore, strict measures must be taken to reduce the effect that the construction noise has on the targets of environmental protection to the maximum.

(3) With the completion of the project, the impact of construction noise will no longer exist. The unfavorable impact of construction noise on environment is a temporary and short- term behavior.

4.1.3 Impact of vibration

4.1.3.1 Vibration standard

The vibration standard in urban area(GB10070-88)is listed in table 4.

Table 4 Standard vibration values along lead vertical direction

in various urban areas (dB)

Applied zone / Daytime / Nighttime
Special residential area / 65 / 65
Residential, cultural and educational area / 70 / 67
Mixed area and commercial center / 75 / 72
Industry centralized area / 75 / 72
Two sides of main road / 75 / 72
Two sides of railway / 80 / 80

In the subsequent project, along the two sides of Zhaolingpu cloverleaf junction, there are mainly commercial shops and no environmental sensitive point such as residential building, school or hospital; along the south side of North 2nd ring-Hongxing Street cloverleaf junction, there is a residential building of an Airplane Factory and the first floor of the building are all commercial shops; there mainly are commercial shops along the two sides of Zhonghua North Street (North 2nd ring-Beiwaihuan) Road Project and the pedestrian bridge of Huaian Road-Puyuan Street; only along Ping’an Street Project there is a few residential, school and hospital sensitive points. According to the principal of strict requirements, the standard of residential, cultural and educational area in the above standard is carried out.

4.1.3.2 Impact of construction vibration

In the construction project, there are many kinds of vibration sources causing vibration of foundation, among them the main sources are piling foundation works, ground base improving project, ground tamping works, running of transport heavy vehicles and so on.

The construction of this project includes public transportation priority, present road net perfection and cloverleaf junction. In the cloverleaf junction project, the pile foundation is constructed through pouring which has no vibration basically; therefore, no big vibration impact occurs. The vibration caused by ground base improving project is mainly from sand and earth tamping operation and the equipments are vibrating hammer and other tamping equipments. The vibration from running of transport heavy vehicles means the vibration impact produced from road roller, diesel engine and etc. According to the material provided by “Japanese Environmental Effect Evaluation Manual”, the vibration of construction machinery is shown in table 5.

Table 5 Vibration level of construction machineries

Equipment / Vibration level（dB）
5m / 10m / 20m / 30m
Vibrating hammer / 75 / 67 / 48 / 44
Road roller / 58 / 53 / 50 / 48
Diesel engine / 62 / 58 / 54 / 51

It can be seen from the data of the above table 5, the vibration effect of construction machinery mentioned above can influence 10 meters away from the source, which meets the requirement of residential, cultural and educational area in “Environmental Vibration Standard of Urban Area”. The distance between the construction site of the subsequent projects is about 10～30 meters to the sensitive points (residential building, school, hospital) and the construction at night will impact the sensitive points within 10 meters. Therefore, the heavy construction machinery such as vibrating hammer will not be allowed to be used at night in order to prevent the vibration from disturbing the residents. During the construction period, we should promote the relevant personnel to know the vibration, shorten the time of operation of construction machinery, reasonably distribute and arrange working site and time. After adopting the above measures, the vibration during construction period can be reduced to the minimum and within the range of standard.

4.1.4 Impact on ecological environment

4.1.4.1 Impact on virescence plants

As the construction content of the item taking road maintenance and municipal traffic system perfection as the main components, it is unnecessary to change the restriction line of road in quo for most of the construction of the sections of road, appraising from a overall aspect, the damage to the virescence plants on both sides of road is comparatively little. Whereas, it is inevitable to loss the virescence plants on both sides of the road in the scope of the project, table 6 shows the initial statistics of the types and the amount of dismantled virescence plants during the period of project construction.