The Nature and Structure of Matter

Objective 1: Classifying States of Matter

Part A: Fill in each space on the following chart with a Yes or No

Has mass / Takes up Space / Has a Definite Volume / Takes the Shape of the Container
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma

Part B: Match the following states of matter to their particle arrangements:

Solid_____A. Molecule spacing very far apart and great kinetic energy

Liquid____B. Molecule spacing very close together and little kinetic energy

Gas _____C. Molecule spacing moderately far apart with moderate kinetic energy

Part C: Fill in the blank with SOLID, LIQUID, GAS, or PLASMA:

The particles in a ______are very close together. Particles are farther apart in a ______, and they are farthest apart in a ______. Particles in a ______have very little energy. Particles in a ______have more energy, and particles in a ______have the most energy. The state of matter that exists at extremely high temperature is the ______state.

Part D: Classify the following items by writing S for solid, L for liquid, or G for gas:

Objective 2: Classifying Physical and Chemical Properties

Part A: Match the physical property with its definition by placing the correct letter in the blank

_____ 1. Malleability / a. ability to carry heat or electricity
_____ 2. Freezing point / b. ability to be worked into different shapes
_____ 3. Hardness / c. temperature where liquid changes to a gas
_____ 4. Conductivity / d. temperature where liquid changes to solid
_____ 5. Boiling point / e. firmness of an object
_____ 6. Ductility / f. ability to be drawn into a wire
_____ 7. Luster / g. shininess of a metal

Part B: Identify the physical and chemical properties of the elements in the following descriptions:

  1. Chlorine exists as a greenish-yellow gas at room temperature. It has a boiling point of -34.6°C. Chlorine reacts readily with other elements. The most common substance containing chlorine is sodium chloride. Chlorine is a member of the halogen (salt-forming) family.

Physical PropertiesChemical Properties

  1. Mercury is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature. Mercury is a silvery-white metal. It is a poor conductor of heat and a fair conductor of electricity. Mercury is a poison. It reacts with proteins in the kidneys. It should be handled with extreme caution.

Physical PropertiesChemical Properties

  1. Potassium reacts with many substances very easily. When potassium is placed in water it burns and produces hydrogen gas. Potassium is a soft metal and is silvery in appearance when freshly cut.

Physical PropertiesChemical Properties

  1. Argon is a colorless, odorless gas at room temperature. Argon almost never reacts with any substance. It is used in electric light bulbs and fluorescent tubes.

Physical PropertiesChemical Properties

  1. Platinum is a silvery-white metal in its pure form. It is ductile and malleable. Platinum does not react with oxygen in air at any temperature, but it can react with bromine, chlorine, fluorine, and sulfur. It is used in the chemical reaction that produces sulfuric acid. It is also used in chemical reactions that separate petroleum products.

Physical PropertiesChemical Properties