Exam IV
1. Three-year-old Gail tells her father that she is a “big girl now.” This behavior is evidence of Gail’s emerging
* self-concept
theory of mind
self-conscious emotions
socialization
2. Four-year-old Patrick asks his dad to let him hammer the nail. Patrick’s father should be caution because
preschoolers cannot understand what is required of certain tasks
* preschoolers tend to overestimate their abilities.
preschoolers tend to underestimate their abilities.
preschoolers don’t understand themselves.
3. Recent research suggests that self-esteem can be understood by a combination of which two qualities?
intelligence and socialization
* worthiness and competence
negative and positive emotion
skill and age
4. Which statement best describes a person with defensive self-esteem?
* the individual feels valued despite the fact that he lacks the accomplishments or abilities to be effective and successful.
the individual feels unworthy and has ineffective interactions with others resulting in unhappiness and anxiety.
the individual has feelings about himself that are associated with success and positive worth.
the individual is quite skilled, but his feelings of worthiness distort his self-view.
5. Which of the following is NOT related to high self-esteem?
physical attractiveness
secure relationships with caregivers
positive peer relationships
* high intelligence
6. When asked if he will be a mother or a father when he grows up and has children of his own, 4-year-old Jason replies that he will be a father. With this response, Jason indicates that he has achieved:
* gender identity
gender labeling
gender stability
gender consistency
7. When asked, 3-year-old Jeremy tells his father that “boys are strong and girls are soft.” These descriptions reflect:
gender identities
* gender sterotypes
gender labels
gender functions
8. Children learn gender stereotypes by:
24 months
30 months
* 36 months
48 months
9. Research on punishment and reinforcement in the home for gender-approopriate or gender-inappropriate behaviors has found that:
girls are more likely than boys to be punished for acting aggressively
* boys are more likely than girls to be reinforced for acting independently.
boys are more likely than girls to be criticized for playing with toys traditionally associated with the opposite sex.
most parents treat their boys and girls in the same way.
10. Males generally outperform females in all of the following EXCEPT:
aggression
* verbal skills
math skills
spatial skills
11. ______refers to a relationship where a child comes to understand that a caregiver has feelings and plans that differ from the child’s and the relationship becomes one of compromise.
Authoritarian parenting
* Goal-corrected partnership
Authoritative parenting
Autocratic partnership
12. Compared to Caucasian American parents, African American parents are more likely to:
* be more accepting of the use of punishment.
use inductive reasoning
be permissive
avoid the use of any kind of discipline.
13. Compared to middle-class parents, poor parents are more likely to:
use rewards with their children.
reason with their children.
* be single parents.
enjoy their children less.
14. Shawn’s parents have a rule that he might be in bed by a certain time. Shawn is fascinated by dinosaurs and when a show on dinosaurs comes on at his bedtime, he pleads with his parents to let him watch because he wants to learn more about dinosaurs. His parents let him watch this time. Shawn’s parents reflect which type of parenting?
authoritarian
* authoritative
uninvolved
permissive
15. The first 2 years after a divorce have been called a(n) ______period for children and adults because of the problems people have making the adjustment to diverse changes associated with it.
anxious
transitional
stressful
* crisis
16. During late childhood, which of the following stressors becomes more a source of stress:
animals
scary movies
* doing well in school
injections
17. When Jolee receives a poor grade on her science exam she becomes very upset. Later that day, Jolee decides that one bad grade is not the end of the world and that she has three more exams to improve her grade. What kind of coping is Jolee engaging in?
* emotion-focused coping
acculturative coping
problem-focused coping
expressive-focused coping
18. The ability to recover from stressful situations is called:
social competence.
acculturation.
* resilience
problem-focused coping.
19. About ______percent of children in high-crime neighborhoods in US cities have witnessed a homicide.
20
* 40
60
80
20. Eric is a 10-year-old child who has been suspended from school several times for fighting with other students and failing to cooperate with teachers or principals. Eric has very few positive relationships with his peers and hesitates to call any of them his friends. He is dishonest, irresponsible, and highly defiant. What pattern of behavior is Eric exhibiting?
attention deficit disorder
depression
* antisocial behavior
phobic reaction
21. Who is most at risk for antisocial behavior?
Matt, who lives in an upper-middle class neighborhood and has overindulging, intrusive parents.
Sylvester, who has a lot of friends and a loving family.
* Myron, who lives in an urban neighborhood and receives little supervision from his parents.
Theresa, who psychiatrists say is depressed.
22. According to Patterson, antisocial behavior is the result of:
* aversive parent-child interactions.
temperament.
drug abuse.
depressed parents.
23. Which of the following is NOT one of the eight symptoms that characterize depression?
significant weight loss or gain
* drug use
insomnia
feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
24. Tom and Peg have begun to notice that their 10-year-old daughter Lisa has been acting strange lately. Lisa sleeps about 14 hours a day, rarely sees her friends, and has trouble concentrating on her homework. What should Tom and Peg do?
* have Lisa evaluated for clinical depression.
assume Lisa is on drugs and get her into rehabilitation.
assume Lisa is just being a typical teenager.
have Lisa evaluated for antisocial personality.
25. Matthew is an aggressive child who finds it difficult to control his anger in social situations. As a result, other children do not want to play with him. Matthew is:
* a rejected child.
a neglected child.
a socially competent child.
an average child.