Spatial Distribution of Perfluoroalkylsubstancesin Surface Sediments of Five Major Rivers

Spatial distribution of perfluoroalkylsubstancesin surface sediments of five major rivers in China

Chang-Gui Pan,AGuang-Guo Ying,AC Jian-Liang Zhao,AYou-Sheng Liu,A Shuang-Shuang Liu,A Jun Du,B Rai S Kookana B

AState Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P R China

BCSIRO Land and Water, PMB 2,Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.

CCorresponding author. Tel.: +86 020 85290200; fax: +86 020 85290200.

Email address: ;

Table S1 Basic information of the LiaoRiver, HaiRiver, Yellow river, ZhujiangRiver andDongjiangRiver.

River name / River information / Population (million)b / Domestic sewage amount / Gross domestic product
(trillion RMB)
Stem Length
(km)a / Catchment
Size (km2)a / Water area
(km2)c / Urban / Rural / Urban
(million tons) / Rate of treated (%)
LiaoRiver / 1.4×103 / 2.3× 105 / 1500 / 12.80 / 10.16 / 85.73 / 50 / 9223.1
HaiRiver / 1.1× 103 / 2.6× 105 / 158 / 7.14 / 4.62 / 68.175 / 72.4 / 6354.38
Yellow River / 5.5× 103 / 7.5× 105 / 2000 / 10.19 / 21.08 / 69.47 / 50.5 / 8093.64
ZhujiangRiver / 2.4× 103 / 4.5× 105 / 120 / 8.37 / 1.81 / 91.7 / 75.09 / 8215.82
DongjiangRiver / 5.6× 102 / 3.5× 104 / 3700 / 18.34 / 4.17 / 150.5 / 62.94 / 7434

a NBS,2009.

b calculated based on date from China Statistical Yearbook 2009 (NBS, 2009).

cwater area represents the studied section of the river.

Table S2Information of sampling sites from the five rivers (LiaoRiver, HaiRiver, Yellow River, ZhujiangRiver andDongjiangRiver).

River / Sampling
sites / Geographic location
(N, E) / Prefecture/province / Sampling date / Water flow (m3/s)a
Dry / Wet / Dry / Wet
LiaoRiver / L1 / 42°24’58” 123°48’42” / Tieling/Liaoning / December 2008 / July 2008
L2 / 42°19’44” 123°50’12” / Tieling/Liaoning / December 2008 / July 2008 / 35.2 / 664
L3 / 42°17’17” 123°38’08” / Tieling/Liaoning / December 2008 / July 2008
L4 / 41°17’06” 122°31’52” / Anshan/Liaoning / December 2008 / July 2008 / 30.5 / 650
L5 / 41°10’32” 122°03’36” / Panjin/Liaoning / December 2008 / July 2008
L6 / 41°07’24” 121°54’10” / Panjin/Liaoning / December 2008 / July 2008
L7 / 41°53’48” 124°04’13” / Fushun/Liaoning / December 2008 / July 2008
L8 / 41°52’17” 123°54’55” / Fushun/Liaoning / December 2008 / July 2008
L9 / 41°51’33” 123°46’35” / Fushun/Liaoning / December 2008 / July 2008
L10 / 41°44’51” 123°26’14” / Shenyang/Liaoning / December 2008 / July 2008 / 27 / 230
L11 / 41°29’40” 122°57’15” / Shenyang/Liaoning / December 2008 / July 2008
L12 / 41°09’22” 122°35’16” / Shenyang/Liaoning / December 2008 / July 2008
L13 / 41°21’46” 124°02’14” / Benxi/Liaoning / December 2008 / July 2008
L14 / 41°18’53” 123°45’54” / Benxi/Liaoning / December 2008 / July 2008
L15 / 41°17’53” 123°44’34” / Benxi/Liaoning / December 2008 / July 2008
L16 / 41°14’14” 123°20’33” / Liaoyang/Liaoning / December 2008 / July 2008
L17 / 41°16’03” 123°12’10” / Liaoyang/Liaoning / December 2008 / July 2008 / 13 / 169
L18 / 41°21’03” 122°51’34” / Liaoyang/Liaoning / December 2008 / July 2008
L19 / 41°07’11” 122°40’59” / Anshan/Liaoning / December 2008 / July 2008
L20 / 41°07’39” 122°25’07” / Yingkou/Liaoning / December 2008 / July 2008
L21 / 40°49’23” 122°07’49” / Yingkou/Liaoning / December 2008 / July 2008
HaiRiver / H1 / 39°14’48” 117°06’42” / Wuqing/Tianjin / December 2008 / July 2008 / 1.88 / 2.63
H2 / 39°16’28” 117°22’43” / Beichen/Tianjin / December 2008 / July 2008
H3 / 39°15’08” 117°47’49” / Hangu/Tianjin / December 2008 / July 2008
H4 / 39°10’33” 117°10’18” / Beichen/Tianjin / December 2008 / July 2008 / 17.1 / 9.36
H5 / 39°10’13” 117°07’24” / Beichen/Tianjin / December 2008 / July 2008
H6 / 39°09’32” 117°11’03” / Beichen/Tianjin / December 2008 / July 2008
H7 / 39°09’05” 117°07’20” / Beichen/Tianjin / December 2008 / July 2008
River / Sampling
sites / Geographic location
(N, E) / Prefecture/province / Sampling date / Water flow (m3/s)a
Dry / Wet / Dry / Wet
H8 / 39°06’18” 117°13’04” / Central area/Tianjin / December 2008 / July 2008 / 1.8 / 47
H9 / 39°04’24” 117°18’40” / Central area/Tianjin / December 2008 / July 2008
H10 / 39°00’29” 117°39’08” / Tanggu/Tianjin / December 2008 / July 2008
H11 / 39°06’38” 117°43’37” / Tanggu/Tianjin / December 2008 / July 2008
Yellow River / Y1 / 35°56’17” 103°19’17” / Lianxia/Gansu / November 2008 / May 2008
Y2 / 36°08’24” 103°36’35” / Lanzhou/Gansu / November 2008 / May 2008
Y3 / 36°03’57” 103°48’33” / Lanzhou/Gansu / November 2008 / May 2008 / 973 / 1330
Y4 / 36°03’25” 103°56’24” / Lanzhou/Gansu / November 2008 / May 2008
Y5 / 36°21’36” 104°13’57” / Lanzhou/Gansu / November 2008 / May 2008
Y6 / 36°26’05” 104°23’41” / Baiyin/Gansu / November 2008 / May 2008
Y7 / 36°47’12” 104°36’10” / Baiyin/Gansu / November 2008 / May 2008
Y8 / 34°36’16” 110°19’33” / Sanmenxia/Henan / November 2008 / May 2008 / 547 / 790
Y9 / 34°48’05” 111°10’20” / Sanmenxia/Henan / November 2008 / May 2008 / 996 / 467
Y10 / 34°51’19” 112°37’23” / Luoyang/Henan / November 2008 / May 2008 / 487 / 964
Y11 / 34°59’07” 113°30’29” / Zhengzhou/Henan / November 2008 / May 2008
Y12 / 34°54’46” 113°40’02” / Zhengzhou/Henan / November 2008 / May 2008 / 640 / 730
Y13 / 34°55’23” 114°34’26” / Kaifeng/Henan / November 2008 / May 2008 / 485 / 645
Y14 / 35°25’05” 115°07’05” / Puyang/Henan / November 2008 / May 2008 / 518 / 786
Y15 / 36°07’19” 116°06’26” / Liaocheng/Sha<LODong / November 2008 / May 2008 / 530 / 648
ZhujiangRiver / Z1 / 23º25’56’’ 113º28’02’’ / Conghua/Guangdong / December 2007 / September 2008 / 17.3 / 156
Z2 / 23º19’37’’ 113º17’27’’ / Conghua/Guangdong / December 2007 / September 2008
Z3 / 23º14’56’’ 113º12’14’’ / Guangzhou / December 2007 / September 2008
Z4 / 23º13’56’’ 113º10’43’’ / Guangzhou / December 2007 / September 2008 / 280 / 900
Z5 / 23º09’03’’ 113º12’39’’ / Guangzhou / December 2007 / September 2008 / 280 / 900
Z6 / 23º06’30’’ 113º16’04’’ / Guangzhou / December 2007 / September 2008
Z7 / 23º06’38’’ 113º21’59’’ / Guangzhou / December 2007 / September 2008 / 175 / 980
Z8 / 23º02’53’’ 113º19’54’’ / Guangzhou / December 2007 / September 2008 / 200 / 1120
Z9 / 23º04’03’’ 113º29’20’’ / Guangzhou / December 2007 / September 2008
Z10 / 23º01’41’’ 113º31’18’’ / Guangzhou / December 2007 / September 2008
River / Sampling
sites / Geographic location
(N, E) / Prefecture/province / Sampling date / Water flow (m3/s)a
Dry / Wet / Dry / Wet
DongjiangRiver / D1 / 24°25’29’’ 115°23’07’’ / Dingnan/Jiangxi / December 2008 / July 2009
D2 / 24°05’38’’ 115°13’24’’ / Heyuan/ Guangdong / December 2008 / July 2009 / 121 / 230
D3 / 23°38’51’’ 114°40’23’’ / Heyuan/ Guangdong / December 2008 / July 2009 / 318 / 520
D4 / 23°23’58’’ 114°35’57’’ / Heyuan/ Guangdong / December 2008 / July 2009
D5 / 23°09’01’’ 114°20’22’’ / Huizhou/ Guangdong / December 2008 / July 2009 / 367 / 608
D6 / 23°07’50’’ 114°06’43’’ / Dongguan/Guangdong / December 2008 / July 2009 / 403 / 1400
D7 / 23°06’06’’ 113°52’32’’ / Dongguan/Guangdong / December 2008 / July 2009
D8 / 23°07’47’’ 113°40’16’’ / Zengcheng/Guangdong / December 2008 / July 2009
D9 / 23°05’44’’ 113°37’50’’ / Dongguan/Guangdong / December 2008 / July 2009
D10 / 23°04’17’’ 113°46’10’’ / Dongguan/Guangdong / December 2008 / July 2009
D11 / 23°03’17’’ 113°31’35’’ / Dongguan/Guangdong / December 2008 / July 2009
D12 / 22°59’06’’ 113°34’07’’ / Dongguan/Guangdong / December 2008 / July 2009
D13 / 22°54’52’’ 113°35’39’’ / Dongguan/Guangdong / December 2008 / July 2009

a Flow information was only provided for some sites with flow monitoring facilities;

Table S3Properties of the sediments collected from the Yellow River

Sample / Texture (%) / TOC
(%) / pHa
sand
(>0.063 mm) / Coarse silt
(0.02-0.063 mm) / Fine silt
(0.002-0.02 mm) / Clay
(<0.002 mm)
May 2008 / Y1 / 96 / 1 / 1 / 2 / 0.0473 / 6.81
Y2 / 50 / 38 / 8 / 4 / 0.0797 / 7.49
Y3 / 78 / 15 / 4 / 3 / 0.0938 / 7.77
Y4 / 78 / 13 / 6 / 3 / 0.172 / 7.85
Y5 / 18 / 11 / 59 / 12 / 0.523 / 7.83
Y6 / 92 / 3 / 3 / 2 / 0.0617 / 7.92
Y7 / 69 / 23 / 5 / 3 / 0.162 / 7.9
Y8 / 40 / 48 / 9 / 3 / 0.0973 / 7.94
Y9 / 7 / 1 / 65 / 27 / 0.557 / 7.9
Y10 / 71 / 9 / 15 / 5 / 0.183 / 7.98
Y11 / 13 / 11 / 61 / 15 / 0.323 / 7.99
Y12 / 97 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 0.0763 / 8.22
Y13 / 96 / 2 / 1 / 1 / 0.0497 / 8.29
Y14 / 94 / 4 / 1 / 1 / 0.0532 / 8.26
Y15 / 94 / 3 / 1 / 2 / 0.0548 / 8.23
November
2008 / Y1 / 56 / 31 / 8 / 5 / 0.0995 / 8.31
Y2 / 46 / 29 / 21 / 4 / 0.0779 / 8.14
Y3 / 94 / 2 / 2 / 2 / 0.0908 / 8.38
Y4 / 80 / 11 / 6 / 3 / 0.653 / 7.93
Y5 / 52 / 31 / 13 / 4 / 0.232 / 8.62
Y6 / 60 / 21 / 13 / 6 / 0.349 / 8.56
Y7 / 57 / 27 / 11 / 5 / 0.157 / 8.38
Y8 / 67 / 24 / 6 / 3 / 0.0821 / 8.32
Y9 / 9 / 11 / 63 / 17 / 0.388 / 8.08
Y10 / NSb / NS / NS / NS / NS / NS
Y11 / 93 / 1 / 4 / 2 / 0.0422 / 8.6
Y12 / 63 / 20 / 13 / 4 / 0.106 / 8.36
Y13 / 89 / 4 / 4 / 3 / 0.0793 / 8.4
Y14 / 82 / 5 / 8 / 5 / 0.0803 / 8.5
Y15 / 93 / 1 / 2 / 4 / 0.0535 / 8.45

apH in 1:5 soil:0.01 MCaCl2;

b NS: not sampled.

Table S4Properties of the sediments collected from the HaiRiver

Sample / Texture (%) / TOC
(%) / pHa
sand
(>0.063 mm) / Coarse silt
(0.02-0.063 mm) / Fine silt
(0.002-0.02 mm) / Clay
(<0.002 mm)
July 2008 / H1 / 68 / 7 / 19 / 6 / 2.77 / 7.79
H2 / 74 / 1 / 16 / 9 / 1.41 / 8.14
H3 / 75 / 5 / 15 / 5 / 8.56 / 7.49
H4 / NSb / NS / NS / NS / NS / NS
H5 / 61 / 4 / 21 / 14 / 0.446 / 8.16
H6 / 37 / 5 / 44 / 14 / 1.17 / 8.3
H7 / 35 / 2 / 46 / 17 / 1.99 / 7.98
H8 / 66 / 2 / 13 / 19 / 1.2 / 8.01
H9 / 88 / 4 / 6 / 1 / 2.47 / 8.41
H10 / 74 / 7 / 13 / 6 / 3.07 / 8.24
H11 / 33 / 1 / 46 / 20 / 0.558 / 8.38
December
2008 / H1 / 35 / 3 / 38 / 24 / 2.77 / 7.84
H2 / 33 / 2 / 43 / 22 / 1.48 / 8.15
H3 / 58 / 1 / 22 / 19 / 5.17 / 8.25
H4 / 48 / 5 / 25 / 23 / 5.16 / 8.17
H5 / 23 / 2 / 40 / 36 / 1.52 / 7.79
H6 / 31 / 1 / 42 / 26 / 1.46 / 8.17
H7 / 26 / 1 / 41 / 32 / 2.23 / 8.21
H8 / 36 / 2 / 39 / 22 / 1.11 / 8.19
H9 / 40 / 1 / 35 / 24 / 3.53 / 8.38
H10 / 38 / 3 / 36 / 23 / 3.66 / 8.36
H11 / 39 / 1 / 38 / 23 / 0.776 / 8.54

apH in 1:5 soil:0.01 MCaCl2;

b NS: not sampled.

Table S5Properties of the sediments collected from the Liao River

Sample / Texture (%) / TOC
(%) / pHa
Sand
(>0.063 mm) / Coarse silt
(0.02-0.063 mm) / Fine silt
(0.002-0.02 mm) / Clay
(<0.002 mm)
July 2008 / L1 / 85 / 6 / 6 / 3 / 0.212 / 8.25
L2 / 77 / 8 / 12 / 3 / 0.747 / 7.79
L3 / 86 / 1 / 8 / 5 / 0.244 / 7.93
L4 / NSb / NS / NS / NS / NS / NS
L5 / 70 / 20 / 9 / 1 / 0.28 / 7.98
L6 / 49 / 23 / 16 / 12 / 0.563 / 7.81
L7 / 55 / 1 / 24 / 20 / 2.02 / 7.44
L8 / 66 / 1 / 21 / 12 / 5.73 / 7.25
L9 / 57 / 1 / 26 / 16 / 3.36 / 7.42
L10 / 86 / 1 / 9 / 4 / 2.05 / 7.59
L11 / 93 / 2 / 3 / 2 / 0.0518 / 7.44
L12 / 91 / 2 / 5 / 2 / 0.0841 / 7.79
L13 / NAc / NA / NA / NA / 2.95 / NA
L14 / 53 / 11 / 35 / 1 / 1.72 / 7.68
L15 / NS / NS / NS / NS / NS / NS
L16 / 56 / 27 / 13 / 4 / 0.23 / 7.91
L17 / 28 / 21 / 50 / 1 / 0.786 / 7.52
L18 / 92 / 1 / 5 / 2 / 0.0759 / 7.86
L19 / 91 / 1 / 5 / 3 / 0.126 / 7.97
L20 / 51 / 18 / 29 / 2 / 1.2 / 7.59
L21 / 81 / 4 / 12 / 3 / 0.377 / 7.51
December
2008 / L1 / 80 / 12 / 6 / 2 / 0.331 / 7.79
L2 / 82 / 7 / 8 / 3 / 0.719 / 7.66
L3 / 90 / 1 / 6 / 3 / 0.147 / 7.89
L4 / 78 / 3 / 13 / 6 / 0.918 / 7.71
L5 / 78 / 12 / 7 / 3 / 1.28 / 8.1
L6 / 72 / 19 / 7 / 2 / 0.298 / 8.22
L7 / 63 / 2 / 30 / 5 / 1.93 / 7.77
L8 / 88 / 4 / 7 / 1 / 1.82 / 7.43
L9 / 77 / 1 / 15 / 7 / 4.47 / 7.76
L10 / 93 / 1 / 4 / 2 / 2.12 / 7.57
L11 / 93 / 2 / 3 / 2 / 0.0794 / 7.97
L12 / 85 / 8 / 6 / 1 / 0.798 / 7.33
L13 / 91 / 1 / 4 / 4 / 0.456 / 7.46
L14 / 39 / 1 / 37 / 23 / 4.08 / 7.72
L15 / 80 / 3 / 14 / 3 / 10.6 / 7.64
L16 / 89 / 1 / 5 / 5 / 0.269 / 7.79
L17 / 85 / 2 / 11 / 2 / 0.357 / 7.51
L18 / 87 / 2 / 9 / 2 / 0.734 / 7.25
L19 / 72 / 14 / 12 / 2 / 0.543 / 7.62
L20 / 65 / 12 / 22 / 1 / 0.994 / 7.66
L21 / 81 / 10 / 8 / 1 / 0.492 / 7.85

a pH in 1:5 soil:0.01 M CaCl2;

b NS: not sampled;

c NA: not available.

Table S6Properties of the sediments collected from the Dongjiang River

Sample / Texture (%) / TOC
(%)
sand
(>0.063 mm) / silt
(0.002-0.063 mm) / Clay
(<0.002 mm)
July 2009 / D1 / 59 / 20 / 21 / 1.00
D2 / 27 / 36 / 37 / 1.25
D3 / 44 / 35 / 21 / 0.25
D4 / 65 / 24 / 11 / 0.81
D5 / 65 / 19 / 16 / 1.02
D6 / 91 / 6 / 3 / 0.08
D7 / 30 / 47 / 23 / 0.39
D8 / 37 / 34 / 29 / 2.17
D9 / 24 / 46 / 30 / 5.19
D10 / 50 / 26 / 24 / 1.12
D11 / 20 / 43 / 37 / 1.01
D12 / 18 / 56 / 26 / 2.01
D13 / 4 / 50 / 46 / 2.14
December
2008 / D1 / 1 / 59 / 40 / 0.46
D2 / 19 / 66 / 15 / 1.05
D3 / 4 / 76 / 20 / 0.78
D4 / 14 / 68 / 18 / 0.34
D5 / 12 / 66 / 22 / 0.83
D6 / 36 / 51 / 13 / 0.05
D7 / NAa / NA / NA / 0.59
D8 / 19 / 60 / 21 / 0.35
D9 / 9 / 64 / 27 / 5.05
D10 / 7 / 71 / 22 / 0.20
D11 / 10 / 64 / 26 / 1.58
D12 / 8 / 62 / 30 / 1.56
D13 / 8 / 67 / 25 / 0.82

aNA: not available

Table S7The LODs, LOQs and recoveries of 16 target analytes in sediments.

Compou<LODs / LOD (pg/g) a / LOQ(pg/g)a / Recovery(%)b
PFBA / 8 / 25 / 92.3±3.5
PFPeA / 8 / 25 / 84.7±1.2
PFHXA / 8 / 25 / 98.9±1.9
PFHpA / 8 / 25 / 96±4.8
PFOA / 8 / 25 / 98.1±3.7
PFNA / 8 / 25 / 103.3±3.7
PFDA / 9 / 30 / 101±5.2
PFU<LODA / 9 / 30 / 94.1±2.33
PFDODA / 16 / 50 / 82.9±16.7
PFTrDA / 30 / 100 / 81.2±3.2
PFTeDA / 30 / 100 / 65.3±4.5
PFBS / 8 / 25 / 78.4±5.6
PFHXS / 8 / 25 / 98.4±9.1
PFOS / 16 / 50 / 96.4±6.2
PFHpS / 20 / 66 / 96.9±2.8
PFDS / 20 / 66 / 68.6±3.3

a LOD: limit of detection; LOQ: limit of quantitation;

b Mean ± standard deviation (n=3), with a spiked concentration at 5ng/g.

Table S8Ranges, mean and median concentrations (ng/g) of perfluoroalkylsubstancesin the river sediments

Compounds / Yellow River / HaiRiver / LiaoRiver / ZhujiangRiver / DongjiangRiver
May 2008 / December 2008 / July 2008 / November 2008 / July 2008 / November 2008 / September 2008 / December 2007 / July 2009 / December 2008
Range / Mean / Median / Range / Mean / Median / Range / Mean / Median / Range / Mean / Median / Range / Mean / Median / Range / Mean / Median / Range / Mean / Median / Range / Mean / Median / Range / Mean / Median / Range / Mean / Median
PFBA / <LODa / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD
PFPeA / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD
PFHXA / <LOD-0.19 / 0.06 / 0.05 / <LOD-0.05 / 0.01 / <LOQ / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD-0.05 / 0.01 / <LOQ / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD-0.15 / 0.07 / 0.07 / <LOD-0.08 / 0.05 / 0.06 / <LOD-0.16 / 0.04 / <LOD / <LOD-0.25 / 0.04 / <LOQ
PFHpA / <LOD-0.09 / 0.02 / <LOQ / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD-0.06 / 0.02 / <LOQ / <LOD-0.11 / 0.05 / 0.06 / <LOD-0.11 / 0.03 / <LOQ / <LOD-0.15 / 0.03 / <LOQ
PFOA / 0.28-0.93 / 0.52 / 0.53 / 0.14-0.28 / 0.23 / 0.25 / 0.09-0.53 / 0.25 / 0.19 / 0.17-0.53 / 0.29 / 0.26 / 0.21-0.42 / 0.30 / 0.28 / 0.15-0.31 / 0.22 / 0.22 / 0.31-0.44 / 0.36 / 0.36 / 0.35-0.68 / 0.47 / 0.46 / 0.14-0.73 / 0.32 / 0.24 / 0.13-0.92 / 0.32 / 0.29
PFNA / <LOD-0.11 / 0.04 / 0.03 / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD-0.03 / <LOQ / <LOQ / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD
PFDA / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / 0.05-0.29 / 0.12 / 0.10 / 0.05-0.26 / 0.12 / 0.11 / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD-0.04 / 0.01 / <LOQ / 0.04-0.17 / 0.10 / 0.10 / 0.07-0.41 / 0.19 / 0.18 / <LOD-0.26 / 0.08 / 0.05 / <LOD-0.42 / 0.07 / <LOQ
PFU<LODA / <LOD-0.16 / 0.02 / <LOQ / <LOD-0.11 / 0.01 / <LOQ / <LOD-0.11 / 0.05 / 0.05 / <LOD-0.14 / 0.06 / 0.05 / <LOD-0.05 / 0.01 / <LOD / <LOD-0.05 / 0.01 / <LOD / <LOD-0.10 / 0.06 / 0.07 / <LOD-0.19 / 0.11 / 0.11 / <LOD-0.20 / 0.07 / 0.07 / <LOD-0.20 / 0.06 / 0.05
PFDODA / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD-0.09 / 0.02 / <LOQ / <LOD-0.11 / 0.02 / <LOQ / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD-0.05 / 0.01 / <LOQ / <LOD-0.06 / 0.01 / <LOQ / <LOD-0.08 / 0.02 / <LOQ / <LOD-0.14 / 0.01 / <LOQ
PFTrDA / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD
PFTeDA / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD
PFBS / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD
PFHXS / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD
PFOS / <LOD-3.69 / 1.06 / 0.46 / <LOD-1.21 / 0.26 / 0.11 / <LOD-0.54 / 0.23 / 0.20 / 0.13-0.71 / 0.40 / 0.40 / <LOD-0.08 / 0.01 / <LOQ / <LOD-0.10 / 0.02 / <LOQ / 0.27-0.62 / 0.45 / 0.46 / 0.44-1.28 / 0.72 / 0.69 / <LOD-1.33 / 0.37 / 0.25 / <LOD-1.48 / 0.38 / 0.18
PFHpS / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD
PFDS / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD / <LOD

a<LOD: not detected;

b <LOQ: below the limit of quantitation

Table S9 Multiple linear regression analysis for the sediment properties (TOC, texture and pH) and concentrations of ƩPFCAsa, ƩPFSAs (PFOS)a andƩPFASsain the river sediments

The Yellow River / The HaiRiver / The LiaoRiver / The ZhujiangRiver / The DongjiangRiver
May 2008 / December 2008 / July 2008 / November 2008 / July 2008 / November 2008 / December 2007 / September 2008 / December2008 / July 2009
R2 / Significant variable (Standardized Coefficient) / R2 / Significant variable (Standardized Coefficient) / R2 / Significant variable (Standardized Coefficient) / R2 / Significant variable (Standardized Coefficient) / R2 / Significant variable (Standardized Coefficient) / R2 / Significant variable (Standardized Coefficient) / R2 / Significant variable (Standardized Coefficient) / R2 / Significant variable (Standardized Coefficient) / R2 / Significant variable (Standardized Coefficient) / R2 / Significant variable (Standardized Coefficient)
PFOA / 0.67 / pH (0.620) / --- / --- / --- / --- / 0.77 / TOC(1.295)
Sand (-2.821)
Silt (-1.632) / --- / --- / 0.32 / TOC (0.736) / --- / --- / --- / --- / --- / --- / 0.41 / Silt (-1.106)
ƩPFCAs / 0.59 / pH (0.546) / 0.57 / TOC (0.723)c / 0.65 / Silt (-0.786)d / 0.64 / TOC (-0.199) / --- / --- / 0.66 / TOC (1.015) / 0.36 / TOC (0.510) / --- / --- / 0.92 / TOC (0.964) / 0.50 / TOC (0.392)
Clay (-0.584)
Slit (-0.948)
ƩPFSAs
(PFOS) / ---b / --- / 0.85 / TOC (0.961) / 0.57 / TOC (0.095)
pH (-0.555) / 0.95 / TOC (0.745)
Sand (0.348) / --- / --- / --- / --- / --- / --- / --- / --- / 0.69 / TOC (0.805) / 0.84 / TOC (0.916)
Clay (-0.598)
Slit (-0.621)
ƩPFCsƩPFASs / --- / --- / 0.85 / TOC (0.966) / 0.58 / TOC (0.549)
Silt (-0.587)
Clay (-0.107) / 0.83 / TOC (0.283) / --- / --- / 0.61 / TOC (1.011) / --- / --- / --- / --- / 0.87 / TOC (0.920) / 0.67 / TOC (0.671)
Clay (-0.611)
Slit (-0.825)

aƩPFASs= ƩPFCAs+ ƩPFSAs(PFOS)

ƩPFCAs=PFBA+PFPeA+PFHxA+PFHpA+PFOA+PFNA+PFDA+PFUnDA+PFDoDA+PFTrDA+PFTeDA

ƩPFSAs=PFBS+PFHxS+PFHpS+PFOS+PFDS

b---: Multiple Linear Regression Equation fitted were found “not significant”.

c TOC: total organic carbon, %.

d Texture: sand, silt and clay, %.