CHAPTER 15
The Ankle and Lower Leg
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The lateral compartment of the leg includes what muscles?
M, K A. Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus
(340) B. Abductor hallucis, lumbricals, interossei
C. Peroneus longus, extensor digitorum longus
D. Peronues brevis, peroneus longus
2. What motions occur at the subtalar joint?
M, K A. Plantar flexion and inversion
(337) B. Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
C. Eversion and dorsiflexion
D. Inversion and eversion
3. Which of the following is not a sign of anterior compartment syndrome?
D, A A. Deep aching pain
(354) B. Weakness in the gastrocnemius
C. Increased compartment pressure due to swelling
D. Reduced sensation in the foot
4. A condition that occurs when the tissue fluid pressure has increased because
M, K of the confines of the fascia and/or bone resulting in compression of the muscles,
(353) nerves, and blood vessels is called:
A. shin splints.C. compartment syndrome.
B. tibial periostitis.D. plantar fasciitis.
5. A general term applied to a variety of overuse leg conditions that seasonally
M, K plague many athletes is called:
(353)A. tibial periosititis.C. medial tibial stress syndrome.
B. compartment syndrome.D. exertional syndrome.
6. If an athlete steps in a hole and the ankle is forced into dorsiflexion, which
M, K ligament is involved?
(345)A. Anterior talofibularC. Interosseous membrane
B. CalcaneofibularD. Anterior tibiofibular
7. Neuromuscular control of the ankle specifically uses exercises to prevent M, K ankle injuries.
(341)A. flexibilityC. balance
B. enduranceD. strength
8. The most common mechanism of injury of the ankle complex is:
M, KA. plantarflexion/inversion.C. dorsiflexion/inversion.
(345)B. plantarflexion/eversion.D. dorsiflexion/eversion.
9. Third degree inversion ankle sprains are often associated with (the):
M, KA. tearing of all medial ligaments.
(347)B. tearing of a few supportive ligaments.
C. tenderness over the entire medial aspect of the ankle.
D. total rupture of lateral ligaments.
10. Tennis leg is an injury to the:
M, KA. shin.C. fibula.
(355)B. tibia.D. gastrocnemius.
11. Which of the following is NOT an example of a functional test the coach can
M, A perform on an athlete after an ankle injury?
(344) A. Hop on the injured foot
B.Run Figure 8’s
C.Walk on toes
D.Walk on lateral borders of feet
12. Shin splints are often associated with all of the following causes except:
M, KA. overuse.C. muscle weakness.
(353)B. tibial weakness.D. improper shoewear.
13. In the lower leg there are _____ separate compartments containing muscles,
E, K tendons, blood vessels, and nerves.
(353)A. twoC. four
B. threeD. five
14. Stress fractures are associated with:
D, K A. complaints of pain that increases after activity.
(352) B. poor neuromuscular control.
C. diffuse pain.
D. pain when an athlete is non-weight bearing.
15. The shin is vulnerable to contusion due to:
E, K A. the increase in shin guard use.
(356) B. the large fat pad on the tibia.
C. the close proximity of tibia to the surface of the skin.
D. the thick muscles that overlie the tibia.
16. Eversion ankle sprains are associated with which of the following?
D, K A. Tearing of the calcaneofibular ligament
(345) B. Tearing of the deltoid ligament
C. Ligament contusion
D. Fracture of the fibula
17. The difference between a second degree and third degree ankle sprain is the:
D, K A. increased amount of tissue damage with a second-degree sprain.
(346) B. complete loss of function associated with a second-degree sprain.
C. increased instability with a second-degree sprain.
D. decreased amount of pain associated with a third-degree sprain.
18. The most frequently injured aspect of the ankle is the ______aspect.
E, KA. medialC. anterior
(345)B. lateralD. posterior
19. With an eversion ankle sprain, which bone is most likely to fracture?
M, KA. CalcaneousC. Tibia
(349)B. TalusD. Fibula
20. Which of the following is the mechanism for achillies tendon rupture?
M, KA. PlantarflexionC. Dorsiflexion
(355)B. InversionD. Eversion
21. Which of the following is the most effective treatment for tendinitis?
M, AA. RestC. Anti-inflammatory medications
(349)B. IceD. Orthotics
22. The most commonly sprained ligament in the ankle is the:
M, KA. anterior tibiofibular.C. deltoid.
(345)B. anterior talofibular.D. posterior talofibular.
23. Which of the following muscles do NOT dorsiflex the ankle?
M, KA. Tibialis anteriorC. Extensor digitorum longus
(339)B. Extensor hallucis longusD. Tibial artery
24. The Gastrocnemius and Soleus muscles ______the ankle.
E, KA. plantarflexC. dorsiflex
(339)B. invertD. evert
25. The lateral malleolus is part of the:
E, KA. tibia.C. fibula.
(337)B. navicular.D. calcaneous.
TRUE/FALSE
26. The ankle joint is capable of dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion,
M, K and eversion.
(337)
27. The distal end of the tibia becomes enlarged, rounded, and projecting as it
M, K approaches the ankle; this forms the lateral malleolus.
(337)
28. A tight heel cord forces the foot into dorsiflexion, making it more susceptible to a
D, K lateral ankle sprain.
(338)
29. The tibia has the highest incidence of fractures to the leg.
E, K
(351)
30. The best way to prevent an ankle injury is through strengthening and
M, A bracing.
(341)
31. Tape that constricts soft tissue can cause serious injury by disrupting the
M, K biomechanics of the other joints in the foot.
(342)
32. When treating an Achilles tendon strain, one should stretch aggressively and put a
M, A heel lift under the calcaneus to reduce the stress placed on the Achilles tendon.
(355)
33. The most common ankle injuries result from eversion forces.
E, K
(345)
34. The Achilles tendon rupture is a common injury in young athletes.
M, K
(355)
35. In order for normal ankle motion to occur, you need at least 10 degrees of
M, A dorsiflexion.
(338)
36. Poorly applied tape does more harm than good.
E, K
(342)
37. Treatment for a compartment syndrome includes ice, compression, and elevation.
M, A
(353)
38. Mild stretching of lateral ligaments with little loss of motion or function is
M, K characteristic of a second-degree ankle sprain.
(346)
39. Eversion ankle sprains are less common than inversion ankle sprains.
M, K
(345)
40. Achilles tendinitis is usually the result of repetitive stress and strain which
E, K causes constant inflammation.
(354)
41. If not properly evaluated, a compartment syndrome can lead to permanent
E, K disability due to the pressure on nerves and blood vessels.
(354)
42. Medial tibial stress syndrome, also known as shin splints, is usually attributed to
M, K an inflammation of the anterior tibialis muscle and extensor muscles of the toes.
(353)
43. Stress fractures in the tibia of a runner most commonly occurs in the middle of
M, K the shaft.
(352)
44. The use of a wobble board to strengthen the ankle is a good preventative tool for
M, K the athlete.
(341)
45. Proper footwear can prevent some of the common ankle injuries.
M, K
(341)
46.Tendinitis of the peroneal tendons will generate pain just posterior to the medial M, A malleolus.
(349)
47. Tibia fractures require a longer immobilization time compared to fibular fractures
M, K because the tibia is a weight bearing bone.
(349)
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