Disease and Your Body

Diseases

Name______PD ______ODD/EVEN

Disease and Your Body

1. disease –

1. pathogen –

1. infectious disease –

1. noninfectious disease –

1. immune system –

1. communicable diseases –

1. non-communicable disease –

Disease

1. Disease – is any ______change in the health of your ______or ______
2. Caused by ______– is a virus, microorganism, or another agent that causes disease
3. ______– is a living thing so small that a microscope is needed to see it
4. Some are ______
5. Some cause ______
6. Some are ______– milk to ______, yeast causes bread to rise, break down food in digestive system

1. 4 main groups of pathogens
2. ______
3. ______
4. ______
5. ______

Infectious and noninfectious diseases

1. ______disease – is any disease that is caused by ______that invade the body
2. May be ______– able to be passed ______from one person to another, EX: the flu

1. ______disease – a disease that is ______caused by a pathogen, include diseases of specific body systems and nutritional disorders,

EX: heart disease, cancer

1. not communicable – cannot be passed from ______
2. many are ______– lasting for a long time

Review

1. Define disease.

1. What is the difference between infectious and noninfectious diseases?

1. What are pathogens?

Infectious Diseases

1. virus –

1. bacteria –

1. protozoa –

1. fungi –

Viruses

1. ______– tiny, disease-causing particle that invades a healthy cell and instructs that cell to make more viruses
2. Not living things
3. Can only be seen with an electron microscope
4. Spread by ______contact – kissing
5. Spread by ______contact – using the same drinking glass, insects
6. Can be ______with a ______– medicine that contains killed or weakened ______, stimulate the immune system to produce ______
7. Antibodies are chemicals that your body produces to ______invading pathogens, each fights a particular pathogen
8. ______medicine

Bacteria

1. ______– are living things that are more complex than virus, small, single celled that do not have a nucleus
2. Most can live on their own
3. Spread through direct/indirect contact as well as through ______, water, and soil
4. Most are harmless, humans could not live without
5. Ex: whooping cough, cholera, ______, ______
6. Control the spread
7. ______, keep kitchens clean, don’t share drinks or eating utensils, get treatment for illness before it spreads to other people, boil water
8. Treated with ______– a medicine used to stop the growth or to kill bacteria or other microorganisms

Protozoa and Parasites

1. ______– are small, single-celled organism that have a nucleus, they are more complex than bacteria
2. Most are ______to humans, others are harmful, EX: Giardia – found in water supplies, upset stomach, cramps, diarrhea, outbreaks are ______in America

1. ______– an organism that gets its food from another organism, called the host, without killing the host
2. Plasmodium – causes malaria, carried by a certain mosquito
3. Cannot see with the naked eye
4. Drugs are available to treat

Fungi

1. ______– complex organisms that cannot make their own food
2. Break down other substances and absorb the nutrients from them
3. Are everywhere and most are harmless
4. ______and yeast infections
5. spread person to person or by fungal spores in the air, water, or soil
6. can be treated with medicines applied to skin or medicine taken by mouth

Review

1. Identify and define four causes of infectious diseases.

1. What is an antibiotic?

1. Why does your doctor need to know that the illness you have is caused by a virus?

Controlling Disease

1. antibodies –

1. immunity –

1. resistance –

1. vaccines –

1. antibiotics –

1. hygiene habits –

1. injection –

1. booster –

1. penicillin –

1. epidemic –

1. infections –

1. toxins –

History

1. vaccines – medicines that make a person ______

a. 1st vaccine developed by Edward ______to fight ______

b. contain weakened or dead microorganisms so they cannot multiply and cause infection

c. the body uses white blood cells to fight against the microorganism

d. not all vaccines give you immunity for life – must get a ______shot to keep immunity

2. ______– medicines that kill harmful bacteria in the body

a. 1st antibiotic developed by Alexander ______when spots of mold caused bacteria to die

b. penicillin – ______

c. does not destroy ______– colds or flu

3. sanitation – cleanliness

a. years ago unclean conditions caused rapid spread of disease – epidemic

b. today epidemics are rare – ______- Europe

c. sewage is treated to destroy harmful microorganisms

4. ______– ways people keep themselves clean

a. washing hands (Chi Chi’s)

b. covering mouth when sneezing or coughing

5. ______

a. collected often

b. some communities bury it

c. burn it to produce energy

6. Water Treatment

a. dirt is removed and chemicals added to kill microorganisms

b. water stored in a way to keep it clean

7. Food preparation

a. Gov. has law that make businesses prepare and handle food carefully

b. ______– process of heating milk to kill bacteria

How do microorganisms cause disease?

1. 2 different ways to cause harm (both ways can happen at the same time)
2. make ______which interfere with the way the body works; attacks cells
3. ______– multiplying of pathogens

Defense against Disease

1. ______– your body’s 1st line of defense, acts as a protective wall to keep organisms out, hairs in nose are included
2. ______– produce mucus, a sticky fluid that traps pathogens. These line your mouth, nose, eyes, throat, and other body parts
3. ______– these body fluids contain chemicals that kill bacteria
4. ______– sometimes pathogens enter your body through the food you eat or the liquids you drink. Most of the pathogens that enter are killed by acid in your stomach
5. helpful microorganism – ______
6. Microorganisms can only live where they can get what they need to stay alive
7. All need food and water
8. Some need air, others don’t
9. Some need warm places, others in only cold areas
10. Some need a human body

***______***

1. Immune system – goes to work if pathogens get through
2. Tissues, organs, and cells that ______
3. Consist of white blood cells
4. 1 type produces chemicals that ______to pathogens so that the pathogens cannot attack a normal body cells
5. 2nd type either ______pathogens directly or stimulates other WBCs to attack pathogens
6. 3rd type found in body tissues, surrounds and ______invading pathogens
7. ______- contains large numbers of WBCs
8. as blood flows through your spleen WBCs remove pathogens in your blood and kill them
9. the spleen releases WBCs into your ______to fight pathogens that may be in other parts of your body
10. take care of your immune system
11. ______
12. ______
13. ______

Review

1. List 3 lines of defense your body has to protect itself from infection.

1. Why is your blood an important part of your immune system?

1. Describe two ways to protect yourself from infectious diseases?

1. Identify two ways to control the spread of infectious diseases?

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

1. symptoms –

1. sexually transmitted diseases (STD’s) –

1. AIDS –

1. abstinence –

1. transmitted –

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and the Immune System

1. transmitted - HIV/AIDS is spread ______
2. ______
3. ______
4. ______
5. cause – virus - HIV causes AIDS – deadly disease that ______the body’s ability to fight ______
6. Weakens the ______system and cannot fight off other diseases
7. A person with AIDS usually dies from a disease that a ______immune system would ______
8. HIV to AIDS – may not develop for ______
9. Even if a person shows ______they can still infect others

STD’s

A. cause – virus or bacteria

2. transmission - intimate body contact

3. symptoms – depend on the disease/infection

a. ______

-swelling of and scars on the ovaries and testes

-______– curable with antibiotic

-microbe bacteria can be spread from mother to baby during birth

b. ______

-no symptoms in females, but causes painful urination in males

-can damage heart, ovaries and testes, and joints

-______– curable with antibiotic

B. What is Hepatitis?

1. caused by a ______that infects the ______(3 types)

2. transmission - Hepatitis A – spread form unwashed hands or by sharing food/drinking glass (saliva)

3. symptoms - nausea, vomiting, yellow coloring of the skin, stomachache, and fever

C. What is Mononucleosis?

1. cause – ______

2. transmission – saliva, droplets from mouth, sharing containers

3. symptoms – starts with a fever, swollen ______, tiredness, sore throat

D. Abstinence and Preventing STDs

1.The only way to be absolutely sure that you will not get an STD is ______

2.Abstinence – ______

______

1. Most STDs are transmitted only by direct contact with body fluids
2. Body fluids include saliva, blood, semen, and vaginal fluid

1.Do not use ______

2.Do not share ______

3.Do not have ______

C. benefits include respect, reaching personal goals, avoiding the risk of pregnancy and respecting your parents

Review

1. Define STD and list 5 common STDs.

1. What is AIDS?

1. Describe how HIV attacks the immune system.

1. Describe ways to avoid getting an STD.

Noninfectious Diseases

1. noninfectious diseases –

1. genetic disease –

1. congenital disease –

1. chronic –

1. tumor –

1. carcinogens–

1. insulin –

Causes of noninfectious disease

1. ______– is a disease or disorder that is caused entirely or partly by genetic information passed on to a child from one or both parents.
2. EX: ______
3. ______– is a disease or disorder that is present at birth, but is not a genetic disease
4. EX: ______
5. Lifestyle choices
6. Using ______may cause heart disease or lung cancer
7. Pollution may trigger asthma attacks or cause lung cancer
8. Noninfectious diseases are the leading cause of ______ in America
9. are not caused by pathogens or passed from one person to another, come from insidea person’s body

Common Noninfectious Diseases

1. ______– high blood pressure, heart attacks, strokes and artery diseases are types of heart disease
2. Leading cause of ______in the United States

b. What is ______?

1. ______ – blood pushes too hard against the artery walls

2. tends to be present in some families

3. chronic HBP makes artery walls ______, which causes the heart to work harder

4. can cause heart to grow ______

5. ______can result – blood vessel bursts in the ______

c. atherosclerosis – hardening of the arteries due to plaque build up

1. can result in a heart attack

1. ______– diabetes is a disease in which the body is not able to use sugar properly

a. ______is needed to use sugar – hormone that helps move sugar in your blood to cells, cells turn sugar into energy, extra is carried to liver for storage

b.______develops when people cannot make enough insulin

c. sugar stays in blood and does not enter cells

d. sugar levels in blood rise which can cause ______

e. high levels cause extra sugar to go into kidneys and urine, causing a person to urinate more often

f. cannot be cured, but can be maintained

3. ______– is a group of diseases in which cells grow______and invade and destroy healthy tissues. Cancer can attack any part of the body

a. ______– cancer causing agents

1. ______– taking certain types of drugs to treat cancer

2. ______– energy carried in waves that are used to change the DNA of a cell or it can damage the genes of a cancer cell so that it cannot grow and divide any more. It is used to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors.

4. Allergy – an allergy is an ______of the immune system to something in your surroundings that is harmless to most people

5. ______– asthma is a breathing disease that can be triggered by allergies, infections, exercise, changes in weather, and smoke

6. ______– Alzheimer’s disease is an incurable brain disease that causes a gradual and permanent loss of memory and other brain functions

Review

1. Compare and contrast genetic and congenital disease.

1. What is a noninfectious disease?

1. Name three common noninfectious diseases and the way in which each can be treated or controlled.

1. Why is it unfair to tease someone who was born with a genetic disorder?

1. What happens in the body of a person with diabetes?

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