Protect American Cloth Industry by Taxing English Cloth

1

Name______Due Date______

Each day your group will be working at one of 5 stations. Your goal is to work efficiently and together to complete the whole section. Follow the directions at the end and create a graphic organizer in your notebook that summarizes each section. If this cannot be done during class it will have to be done for homework. Take note at the end of the fifth packet is the grading rubric and an individual assignment.

STATION 1 AMERICAN SYSTEM

DOCUMENT A1 & A2

1. What are some of the ways children are treated in the mills?

1. Since England produces cloth cheaper, what should the government do to protect American businesses?

Protect American cloth industry by taxing English cloth

1. Explain a tariff and how it is used?

A tariff is a tax on imported goods. Congress passes Tariff Act of 1816, applies duties of 20-25% on manufactured goods and 15-20% on raw materials

1. How did tariffs contribute to sectionalism (the division between North, South & West)?

North – liked the tariff they sold more and it protected their industries

South - hated tariff because it drove up the cost of goods they needed and England put a tax on American goods in return

1. How did S. Carolina respond to the tariffs of 1828 and 1832?

Called the 1828 tariff the Tariff of Abominations! Declared the tariff null and void within S. Carolina

DOCUMENT B

1. What was Fulton’s improvement to an invention and how did it improve the U.S. in the 1800’s.

He took a steam powered engine and made the Clermont, 1807 a steamboat that ferried passengers up and down the Hudson between NYC and Albany. Transported people and goods!

1. How else would the steam engine be adapted, and what effect would it have on industrialization?

Trains, cranes, shipping, subs – led to the RR boom, transcontinental RR and fueled all machines of the Industrial Revolution

DOCUMENT C & D

1. Using the map, which section North, South or West of the U.S. was more affected by the roads and canal, why?North – industry and urbanization

1. What bodies of water does the Erie Canal connect?

Hudson River to Lake Erie

1. Explain how the Erie Canal unified the United States.

It connects the East with the West (Midwest now) via the Atlantic Ocean > Hudson, > Erie Canal, > Lake Erie, > Lake Huron, > Lake Michigan, > Lake Superior

DOCUMENT E

1. How did the Cotton Gin contribute to Westward expansion?

Plantation owners could grow more, so they needed more land so they expanded west – Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana

1. How did Eli Whitney’s cotton gin affect the economic growth of the South? Slavery?

Expanded Plantations, increased slavery tougher lives for slaves

DOCUMENT F AND G

1. Why did Kentucky offer more opportunities to Clay than Virginia might have?

Lots of lawyers in Virginia and many prominent politicians (Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, Marshall) Kentucky was open to ambitious political minded men

14. How did Clay’s economic and political plan both express his idea of nationalism?

He said we are politically free from England but slaves to them economically through trade. He supported tariffs, canals roads to transport goods across the United States

15. How does the canal boom relate to Henry Clay’s American System (nationalism)?

Opens up country to transport goods and people!

16. Explain why Clay used protective tariffs.

To protect American Industry

Draw this into your notebook, in each circle give an explanation for each term. Add more pieces of the web if you need to.

Change the web if you have a better way to organize.

Stop- check over all your answers with you group members. Discuss any differences.

STATION 2 GOVERNMENT POWERS

Document AMcCullough Vs. Maryland (1819)

1. State the issue before the Supreme Court in this case?

Can a state tax the Federal government – besides real property?

Was the National Bank constitutional?

1. What was the decision of the Court? What was the rationale behind it?

State does not have the power to tax the Federal Government that violates Article VI of Constitution & National Bank is Constitutional – Elastic clause

1. Describe how the decision of McCullough v. Maryland increased the power of the federal Government over the States?

Further legitimized the power of Congress to use Elastic Clause and it validates the supremacy of the people collectively over individual states!

1. Justice Marshall said: “The power to tax is the power to destroy,” What did he mean?

He meant that a state could tax without any regulations and therefore could destroy the Federal govt.

1. Was the decision in McCullough an example of “Strict” interpretation of “Loose” interpretation of the Constitution?

Loose -

Document BGibbons Vs. Ogden (1824)

1. State the issue before the Supreme Court in this case?

Interstate commerce – NY gave exclusive rights to Ogden for NY waterways. Gibbons right to trade interfered with.

•Do the laws passed by the New York State Legislature violate the Constitution of the US by their attempt to regulate interstate commerce or are they permissible?

•How should commerce be defined?

•Underlying question for the southern states: slavery

1. What was the decision of the Court? What was the rationale behind it?

The Supreme court decided that the national government gave Gibbons permission to operate on the waters. This was stronger than the state laws

Constitution is the “Supreme law of the land”

1. Describe how the decision of Gibbons Vs. Ogden increased the power of the federal Government over the States?

Commerce is defined as transportation, so Congress can regulate the transport of goods.

Strengthens the National governments control

1. How do you think this decision contributed to the expansion of the American National Economy and subsequently the rise of America as an industrial world power?

It also allows Congress to build roads, canals, telegraph & RR lines

It promotes expansion

1. How are the issues of this case similar to the problems encountered by states under the Articles of Confederation?

Document CDred Scott Vs. Sanford (1857)

1. Describe how the decision of Dred Scott V. Sanford increased the power of the federal Government over the States?

Was Scott a citizen of the United States and entitled to sue in Federal court for the protection of his rights?

Did Scott’s residence in a free state make him a free man?

Was the Missouri Compromise Constitutional

1. What was the decision of the Court? What was the rationale behind it?

As a person of African descent, Scott was not, and could not be a citizen and so was not entitled to sue in federal court. Slaves = property

Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional! Congress could not determine where people could bring their property!

1. What effect did the decision have on the slavery issue of westward expansion, or the issues involved in the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850?

It intensified the issue of slavery and added fuel into the fire of sectionalism

1. Do you feel that the justices made the right decision in this case? Explain?

Document DAre Black People Citizens

1. If the Missouri Supreme Court has already made a decision about Dred Scott’s case, why are we listening to it again?

Because Emerson died and his wife’s brother has rights to her property – he lives in NY and she lives in Missouri

1. What decision do we have to make? Are African Americans citizens – can they sue and do they become free when they enter a free state?

1. According to the Constitution Slaves are counted as population for representation, does this mean they are citizens? Why or why not?

No – loophole in constitution

Draw this into your notebooks add all the vocabulary listed on the folder where is applies, add more pieces of the web if you need to. Change the web if you have a better way to organize.

Stop-check over all your answers with you group members. Discuss any differences.

STATION 3 EXPANSION

Document ATrails to the West

1. Using the map scale, figure out the length of each of the following trails

Oregon Trail______2,500______

California Trail______500______

Butterfield Overland Mail______5,000______

Santa Fe Trail____750 mi______

2. Which trail is the longest and which is the shortest across the west?

Document BTexas Settlers

3. What changes have taken place in Texas since American Settlers moved there?

Mexican govt tried to outlaw slavery & import taxes

4. Who wants Texas to become a Mexican state and why?

Steve Austin – one of the first families of Texas

5. Give two arguments, stated in the document, why Texas should join the United States.23,000 people in Texas are US citizens, US main trade partner, US trying to buy it but Mexico was refusing to sell

Document CWestward Ho?

6. List three barriers, shown on the map that settlers faced on the trails going west.Rocky Mts, Arkansas River, Sierra Nevada, Colorado River and desert

7. Give the name of the famous stagecoach route that connected L.A. to St. Louis.

Butterfield / Southern Overland

Document DViews of Manifest Destiny

8. What is Manifest Destiny? The belief that it is our destiny (God’s will) that we expand to Pacific

9. What did President Polk believe the federal government should do if Americans settled in the wild territories beyond the boundaries of the U.S.? “We have the duty of protecting them wherever they may be upon our soil!”

Document EThe Mexican War

1. Why did Polk think the only solution was war?

He had tried to buy CA from Mexico, but they would not even meet with his emissary - war was only way

1. Explain the events that lead to the war with Mexico.

Polk sent Zachary Taylor to the Rio Grande to provoke a fight, Mexicans sent a patrol across the river and fired on troops spilling US blood on US soil. Mexico still considered Texas a Mexican Territory

Document FU.S. Government 1846

1. Give two reasons why the U.S. needs the land from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean.

Wanted ports at San Francisco and San Diego, Manifest Destiny and we already had the Oregon territory

1. In the last paragraph it states that “ God put it there for us to use”, what concept is this referring to?Manifest Destiny

Document G and G2National Shapes Foreign Policy

/Monroe Doctrine

1. How is Nationalism different from Sectionalism?

Nationalism – country more important than region

Sectionalism – regions interests come first

1. What was the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine?

Message to Europeans to stay out of the Western Hemisphere

Document H in Text book: read these sections to find out how we acquired these territories.

1. How did the U. S. acquire the following territories?

Florida (p 205 and document G)

1819 – Adamis _ OnisTreaty - Spain hand it over or we will take it!

Texas Territory (p. 272 and document B) 1838 Texas became an Independent Republic with Sam Houston as President. He offered Texas to US but US said no because of slave issue. 1845 US President Polk annexed Texas. Polk was a slave holder

Oregon Country (p. 265) – 54’40’ or fight Beaver trade had died out so GB was willing to settle the dispute

Mexican Cession (p. 276 and document E) -1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Mexico gets 95 million and we get New Mexico, CA

Gadsen Purchase(p. 276)1853 10 million

Draw this into your notebook,add all territories acquired and the dates. Write the definitions for each term, Manifest Destiny/Monroe Doctrine. Change the organizer if you have a better way to organize.

Stop- check over all your answers with you group members. Discuss any differences.

STATION 4SECTIONALISM

Document AAdvertisement for a slave sale

1.What is being sold and in what state? Slaves SC

Document B1820 U.S. Congress

2.In 1820, how many slave state and free state are there in the U.S?

11 of each

3.Why does the North want less slave states and the South want more?

Control of Congress

Document CPopular Sovereignty

4.What is meant by the term Popular Sovereignty?

People of the state should decide for themselves

5.Which state were likely to approve of Douglas’ speech? Which were likely to disapprove?

North – NO, South - YES

Document DSouth Carolina’s Secession Convention

6.During the South Carolina Secession (to break away) Convention of 1860 what matters were addressed?Postal and customs duties

7.In thelast line, explainthesignificants of theJudgePetigru’sremarks.

Therewill be no peace

Document E1850 U.S. Senator

8.Explain the fugitive slave law and why the south would want it. They would force Northerners to return run away slaves. Now you would have to go to Canada, they are expensive and property to the Southerners

9.What is an abolitionist and what do they want for the new western states?They want slavery abolished and the west to be free from slavery

Document FMap on the Compromise of 1850

10.Accordingtothemap, howmany free and slavestatesexisted in 1850?

15 of each

Document GA New Proposal Opens Old Wounds

11.Describe the tension that resulted from the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

States flooded with people wanting to vote for slave or free -killing each other over the issue

Document HA Nation Begins to Divide

12.From the reading and the maps, what effect did the Kansas- Nebraska Act have on the Missouri Compromise?

Negated it -Popular Sovereignty

Document I, J, K Missouri Compromise (1820), Compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska Act

13.Using documents I and B explain the results of the Missouri Compromise? Who gained, who lost? Missouri admitted as a slave state and Maine as a free state. 36 30’ north of the line is free, south of it is slave

14.Using Documents J, F, and C, in the Compromise of 1850 which side seems to have made the greater concessions, why? North – Popular Sovereignty and strict Fugitive slave law

15.Using Documents K and G, explain the results of the Kansas- Nebraska Act and what it meant for the North and South. It divided the territory into 2 states and allowed popular sovereignty North loses battle of slave vs. free

Draw this chart into your notes. Give a brief explanation of each term and write the date above the blue line for each term.

Stop- check over all your answers with you group members. Discuss any differences.

STATION 5Domestic Affairs

Document AThe People’s President Andrew Jackson

1. How did Jackson get the wound on his face?

British officer struck him with a sword during American Revolution because he would not shine his boot

1. Why was it so important that Jackson collected the tariff from South Carolina? To establish Federal power of state power

3. What is Jackson’s reasoning for taking strong action against the Bank of the United States? He believed it hurt the common man in favor of business

4. What was the problem with the election votes?

Document BJackson Finally Becomes President

1. Which three states split electoral votes between the two candidates?

NY 20, 16ME 8, 1 MD 6,5

1. Explain how the map tells you which candidate got only one electoral vote form Maine.It is shaded for Adams

1. How would you describe the regions in which Jackson’s strengths were the greatest?South and West

1. Why does it seem natural that Adam’s support came from the region that it did?He was a New Englander from MA

Document C1 and C2Andrew Jackson: An Enigma

1. What does the description tell about Andrew Jackson, the man?

Smart, ambitious, drive

1. Why do you think this article refers to Jackson as “first man of the people to become president”? First President to be elected by all white men instead of just white men who owned land!

1. According to the cartoon, Document C2, what established institutions are being trampled by Jackson?VETO power

1. What hint does this cartoon give that Andrew Jackson may have been responsible for the economic disaster. He killed the bank and no taxes were collected

Document DExpanding Democracy Changes Politics

1. What factors helped Jackson win the 1828 presidential election?

Elimination of property for voting all white men 1824 365,000 voted. In 1828 1.1 million voted!

Document EJackson’s New Presidential Style

1. How did Jackson show his commitment to the common people once in office?

Invited common people to inauguration

Spoils system and Kitchen cabinet

1. What is the spoil system?Giving jobs to friends and supporters

Document FAndrew Jackson / The Indian Question

1. Name the two Supreme Court cases and explain if the people of Georgia followed these decisions.Cherokee v. Georgia 1831

Worcester v. Georgia – no right to take the Cherokees land

1. What was the “Trail of Tears”? 800 mile trek ¼ of Native Americans died

Document G The Removal of Native Americans

1. Explain the Indian Removal Act ordered by Jackson.

Forced relocation to Oklahoma

gave land to poor whites

1. How did the removal of Native Americans cause a rift between the executive and judicial branches?Supreme Crt ruled against Federal government and President Jackson refused to enforce it!