POSC 120 PT. II
Ball, pgs. 61-72
Tannenbaum, pgs. 90-98, A:PT10-16
Liberalism & Capitalism
True or False Questions
1. In early modern Europe, the avenue for acquiring wealth was blocked by numerous church-and government-imposed restrictions on manufacturing and commerce. True or False
2. The emphasis on private profit that is the hallmark of capitalism ran against the grain of much of the Christian and republican traditions, neither of which assigned great value to either privacy or profits. True or False
3. Adam Smith believed that mercantilism served the public interest because it brought needed capital, technology, and manufacturing to the furthest regions of the world that were far too backward. True or False
4. In the long run, peaceful and unrestricted trade between countries benefits everyone, argued Adam Smith. True or False
5. Although Napoleon was determined to defeat and incorporate much of Europe for France, he instituted some progressive policies. True or False
6. Fortunately, the liberal reforms instituted by Napoleon were maintained even after his defeat at Waterloo in 1815 with ascribed status and serfdom going by the wayside, replaced by laws protecting workers, the bourgeoisie, and aristocrats alike. True or False
7. Beginning about 1750, the Industrial Revolution emancipated labor, establishing greater equality between factory owner and factory worker. True or False
8. According to Bentham government can and should act to promote the greatest happiness of the greatest number. True or False
9. Unlike Bentham, John Stuart Mill supported giving women the right to vote. True or False
10. For James Mill, it is the job of government to allow for a predatory, entrenched and well-organized elite to exploit the multitude since pain is the inevitable result of life. True or False
11. According to John Stuart Mill, progress is possible only when there is open competition between different ideas, opinions, and beliefs. True or False
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The bourgeoisie refers to: a) merchants, bankers, lawyers, b) the nobility, the privileged wealthiest class, c) the peasants, d) the clergy and leaders of the Church.
2. The practice of charging interest on loans: a) accountability, b) profit, c) usury, d) solvency.
3. The cornerstone of liberal economic thought in the eighteenth century and the best way to achieve the good society is: a) to limit the number of educated people, b) to let people pursue their private interests, c) to limit the accumulation of wealth by one or a few people so that the many could have a greater share, d) for government to be thoroughly intertwined with religion.
4. In the middle of the 18th century, the French thinkers known as Physiocrats, maintained that the true basis of wealth is: a) manufacturing, b) free trade, c) agriculture, d) mercantilism.
5. Refers to minimalist government intrusion over the market by removing regulations and allowing people maximum freedom: a) corporatism, b) plutocracy, c) quid pro quo, d) laissez faire.
6. According to Adam Smith, the self-interest of producers to capture a portion of the market by providing better, cheaper and more quality goods refers to: a) a colluding mechanism, b) an invisible hand, c) an interlocking system, d) a division of outputs.
7. Roads, bridges, canals, and harbors are referred to by economists as: a) foundational conditions, b) physical advantage, c) public accoutrements, d) infrastructure.
8. What was the price Britain paid for becoming the first imperial and industrial power in the 19th century? a) the middle-class became further marginalized, b) Working professionals were unable to influence or affect political conditions, c) the Catholic Church was able to reassert itself, d) society became more sharply divided along class lines.
9. The Reform Bill of 1832 in Britain lowered property qualifications enough to allow: a) enough middle-class males the right to vote, b) all males the right to vote, c) enough middle-class people the right to vote, including women of the same class, d) all people the right to vote, giving Britain the distinguished honor of being the first country to do so.
10. According to Bentham, what is the first step in creating a society that behaves more rational? a) use force to implement the public good , b) centralize power to assure greater efficiency, c) recognize and allow people to seek their self-interest, d) create a healthy dose of fear to better control human behavior.
11. The original Utilitarian leader, Jeremy Bentham, argued that: a) all people seek pleasure and avoid pain, b) government should allow the privileged happiness while the vast majority suffer with continuous pain, c) all people seek religion and despise government, d) the nature of people is to seek power and control others.
12. Anything that helps someone do what they want, according to Bentham, refers to: a) ego, b) utility, c) guardianship, d) satisfaction.
13. John Stuart Mill’s On Liberty specified the following as a new threat to liberty: a) ascribed status, b) religious conformity, c) absolute government, d) public opinion.
14. The following refers to John Stuart Mill’s argument that every sane adult should be free to do whatever he or she wants so long as his or her actions do not harm or threaten others: a) contrarian idea, b) harm principle, c) sane argument, d) soothing rational.
15. He said the following, “…it does me no injury for my neighbor to say there are twenty gods, or no god.” a) John Locke, b) George Washington, c) Thomas Jefferson, d) Abraham Lincoln.
16. What was J.S. Mill’s solution to resolving his skepticism of democracy? a) giving more power to government, b) assigning the Church a greater voice in the political arena, c) establishing a system of plural voting whereby the best informed, the most enlightened would be assigned multiple votes, d) giving lifetime tenure to elected representatives, assuring greater stability for society.
Fill-in Questions
1. Mercantilism refers to:
a) the establishment ______for the purposes of extracting their resources, and forbidding the colonists from buying or from or selling to anyone other than the
______.
b) set ______, or taxes on imported goods, to discourage the sale of foreign goods and encourage the growth of ______.
c) apply a ______policy, the practice of granting exclusive control over a market to a ______on the grounds that this was the most efficient way to handle the risks of trade between the far-flung colonies and the European homeland.
2. What were some of the liberal ideals that Napoleon implemented in the areas that he conquered?
a) The Napoleonic Code instituted the principle of ______: the ______kept their titles but lost their economic and political privileges.
b) While he reestablished ______as the official religion of France, Napoleon also guaranteed freedom of ______to Protestants and Jews.
3. From the principle of attempting to achieve the greatest happiness for the greatest number, Bentham drew the following two conclusions:
a) government should simply leave people ______since they alone are the best judges of their own ______.
b) government is not likely to promote the greatest happiness of the greatest number if it is controlled by a ______of society.
SOCIETY AND THE CHURCH
Tannenbaum, pgs. 90-98
True or False Questions
1. Aquinas believes that men rule their families and slaves with firmness and justice whereas women have a diminished capacity to reason. True or False
2. According to Aquinas, owners of serfs have the right to decide who their laborers will marry and whether to sell or keep the latter’s children. True or False
3. Reflecting his religious bias, Aquinas insisted that Jews are slaves of the Catholic Church and therefore, Church authorities can dispose of their possessions whenever they wish. True or False
4. Aquinas makes clear that the Church is superior to government and therefore, the state must defer to the Church’s directives. True or False
5. One result of Aquinas’s effort to regularize the Church’s teachings and creedal activities was that salvation was no longer dependent solely on the virtues of its members but on following the steps and obeying the directives of Church authorities. True or False
6. Aquinas would allow for some discussion and challenges to the Church hierarchy if the individual was sincere in his interpretation of the Bible. True or False
7. The government, while autonomous in its jurisdiction, is sovereign and not subordinate to the Church whenever each institution’s activities overlap, argues Aquinas. True or False
8. According to Aquinas, government is only responsible for the enforcement of laws based on free will because individuals are the sole practitioners of virtue within the secular world. True or False
9. Showing Aquinas’s tolerance for non-believers, he argues that Jews are to be allowed to exercise political authority over Christians. True or False
10. Aquinas will only favor a tyrannical form of government if its leaders forcibly convert people to Christianity. True or False
11. If resistance to a tyrant results in greater instability, Aquinas argues, then this is the will of God and the tyrant must be removed. True or False
12. If a ruler is excommunicated on account of apostasy, the people must still respect the ruler, argues Aquinas, because the ruler will ultimately be judged by God. True or False
Multiple Choice Questions
1. What role should government assume in Aquinas’s theological beliefs? a) There should a clear separation of church and state, b) Only the Church has the right to arrest, torture, and exterminate non-believers and heretics, c) The government has an obligation to protect the Church from any threat and punish those that the Church identifies as trouble-makers, d) The Church acts as its own sword for it alone knows what acts should be punished and at what level.
2. Aquinas’s vision for Government’s role in society assumes: a) that the needy have to care for themselves because this is God’s plan, b) little to no responsibility to compel people not to sin, c) that the Church’s role must not be crossed in helping the poor, d) that the state has the obligation to seek economic justice.
3. Since God made all people equal in their ability to reason, according to Aquinas; therfore: a) anyone should be able to assume a leadership role both in the Church and government, b) those that have additional requisite abilities should rule over those that don’t, c) people should limit themselves to only salvation and nothing more, d) government must always remain weak because the after-life is most important.
4. What is Aquinas’s preferred form of government? a) rule by the many, b) rule by the few, c) rule by an elected king or monarch, d) This area is left ambiguous by Aquinas.
5. The power of a pope to expel any Roman Catholic for major violations of church doctrine: a) excommunication, b) spiritual extraction, c) theological elimination, d) ecclesiastical condemnation.
Fill-in Questions
1. Why does Aquinas favor private property over collective ownership?
a) People are more ______with what is their own than with goods held in common.
b) ______on property is clearer when ownership is ______.
c) People are less likely to ______when ownership is clear, and this makes for a more ______society.
Answers
True or False Questions, Ball, pgs. 61-72
1. True
3. False
5. True
7. False
9. True
11. True
Multiple Choice Questions
1. a
3. b
5. d
7. d
9. a
11. a
13. d
15. c
Fill-in Questions
1. a) colonies, mother country, b) high tariffs, domestic industries, c) monopoly, single firm
3. a) alone, interests, b) small segment
True or False Questions, Tannenbaum, pgs. 90-98
1. True
3. True
5. True
7. False
9. False
11. False
Multiple Choice Questions
1. c
3. b
5. a
Fill-in Questions
1. a) conscientious, b) Decision-making, decentralized, c) argue, peaceful
A:PT10-16
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