Name: ______Date: ______
Human Body Review Sheet
Know the role of each system in the body.
· Circulatory, Respiratory, Excretory, Digestive, Immune, Endocrine, Nervous, Skeletal, Muscular, Reproductive
Know the role of the following cells, tissues, or organs:
· Red Blood Cells
· White Blood Cells
· Kidneys
· Capillaries
· Pancreas
· Nerves
· Alveoli
· Nephron
· Platelets
· Gall bladder
· Liver
· Gland
· Lungs
· Muscles
· Bones
· Cartilage
· Tendons
· Ligaments
· Parts of the Heart
Important Vocab to Study:
· Homeostasis
· Negtive Feedback
· Excretion
· Transport
· Absorption
· Antigen
· Antibody
· Pathogen
· Vaccine
· Digestion
· Synthesis
· Hormone
· Reflex
· Stimulus
· Response
· Respiration
· Circulation
· Filtration
· Enzyme
· Disease
· Neurotransmitter
· Anaerobic respiration
· Immune response
· Metabolism
· Differentiation
Practice Questions:
_____ 1. In some individuals, the immune system attacks substances such as grass pollen that are usually harmless, resulting in
a) an allergic reaction
b) a form of cancer
c) an insulin imbalance
d) a mutation
_____ 2. Which statement describes a feedback mechanism involving the human pancreas?
a) The production of estrogen stimulates the formation of gametes for sexual reproduction.
b) The level of oxygen in the blood is related to heart rate.
c) The level of sugar in the blood is affected by the amount of insulin in the blood.
d) The production of urine allows for excretion of cell waste.
_____ 3. A person with AIDS is likely to develop infectious diseases because the virus that causes AIDS
a) destroys cancerous cells
b) damages the immune system
c) increases the rate of antibody production
d) increases the rate of microbe destruction
_____ 4. Which statement best describes an immune response?
a) It always produces antibiotics.
b) It usually involves the recognition and destruction of pathogens.
c) It stimulates asexual reproduction and resistance in pathogens.
d) It releases red blood cells that destroy parasites.
_____ 5. What occurs during the digestion of protein?
a) Specific enzymes break down proteins into amino acids.
b) Specific hormones break down proteins into simple sugars.
c) Specific hormones break down proteins into complex starches.
d) Specific enzymes break down proteins into simple sugars.
_____ 6. Base your answer to the question on the diagram which illustrates a role of hormones. Letter B indicates
a) ribosomes
b) receptor molecules
c) tissues
d) inorganic substances
_____ 7. Many vaccinations stimulate the immune system by exposing it to
a) antibodies
b) enzymes
c) mutated genes
d) weakened microbes
_____ 8. To communicate between cells, many multicellular animals use
a) nerve signals and respiratory gases
b) respiratory gases and hormones
c) bones and muscles
d) nerve signals and hormones
_____ 9. Which process requires hydrolytic enzymes?
a) ingestion
b) egestion
c) digestion
d) excretion
_____ 10. Base your answer on the diagram and your knowledge of biology. Hormones that regulate the development of secondary sex characteristics are produced within
a) structures E and G
b) structures C and K
c) structures F and J
d) structures A and H
_____ 11. In multicellular organisms, cells must be able to communicate with each other. Structures that enable most cells to communicate with each other are known as
a) pathogenic agents
b) chloroplasts
c) antibiotics
d) receptor molecules
_____ 12. Feedback mechanisms are best described as processes that help
a) reduce hormone levels to below normal in the blood
b) destroy hormones in the blood
c) directly control muscle contraction in the leg
d) keep body conditions near a normal, steady state
_____ 13. The passage of the end products of digestion into the cells of an organism is an example of
a) absorption
b) digestion
c) circulation
d) regulation
_____ 14. What is represented by the sequence below?
a) a feedback mechanism in multicellular organisms
b) an immune response by cells of the pancreas
c) differentiation of organic molecules
d) the disruption of cellular communication
_____ 15. Select the organ, indicated in the diagram, that is most closely associated with the statement.
This organ stores bile.
a) structure 2
b) structure 3
c) structure 4
d) structure 5
_____ 16. One similarity between cell receptors and antibodies is that both
a) are produced by nerve cells
b) are highly specific in their actions
c) slow the rates of chemical reactions
d) are involved in digestion
_____ 17. Which phrase does not describe a way the human body responds to fight disease?
a) destruction of infectious agents by white blood cells
b) production of antibodies by white blood cells
c) increased production of white blood cells
d) production of pathogens by white blood cells
_____ 18. Certain microbes, foreign tissues, and some cancerous cells can cause immune responses in the human body because all three contain
a) antigens
b) enzymes
c) fats
d) cytoplasm
_____ 19. What is a major function of the blood vessel represented in the diagram?
a) releasing carbon dioxide into the sweat gland
b) transporting oxygen away from the sweat gland
c) transporting wastes to the sweat gland
d) filtering starch out of the sweat gland
_____ 20. Which statement best describes arteries?
a) They have thick walls and transport blood away from the heart.
b) They have thick walls and transport blood toward the heart.
c) They have thin walls and transport blood away from the heart.
d) They have thin walls and transport blood toward the heart.
_____ 21. Humans breathe more rapidly during exercise than before it because during exercise the blood contains
a) an increased level of oxygen
b) a decreased number of red blood cells
c) an increased level of carbon dioxide
d) a decreased amount of hemoglobin
_____ 22. During a long-distance run on a hot day, an athlete produces large quantities of sweat. As a result, the kidneys change the rate of urine production. Why is this change important?
a) Decreased urine production increases the amino acids in the blood.
b) Increased urine production removes amino acids produced as a result of running.
c) Decreased urine production allows the body to conserve water.
d) Increased urine production allows more water to remain in the bloodstream.
_____ 23. In humans, certain glands produce chemicals that are distributed by the circulatory system and influence various target organs. These glands are classified as
a) intestinal glands
b) salivary glands
c) gastric glands
d) endocrine glands
_____ 24. A characteristic of hormones and enzymes that allows them to work effectively with other organic molecules is their
a) specific shape
b) small size
c) concentration of carbon and hydrogen atoms
d) high-energy bonds
_____ 25. When most proteins, fats, and carbohydrates are digested completely, they are converted to end products that
a) are soluble and can easily pass through cell membranes
b) contain long chains of amino acids and fatty acids
c) contain atoms of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
d) are a direct result of dehydration synthesis
_____ 26. Which structure in the diagram is a ligament?
a) structure A c) structure C
b) structure B d)structure D
_____ 27. A student has a hamburger, french fries, and soda for lunch. Which sequence represents the correct order of events in the nutritional processing of this food?
a) ingestion → digestion → absorption → egestion
b) digestion → absorption → ingestion → egestion
c) digestion → egestion → ingestion → absorption
d) ingestion → absorption → digestion → egestion
_____ 28. A drastic change in the metabolic rate of a human would most likely result from the
a) oversecretion of the salivary glands
b) overproduction of auxins
c) deterioration of the skeletal system
d) malfunction of the hormonal system
_____ 29. The connective tissue that cushions the vertebrae and provides flexibility to joints is known as
a) tendon
b) muscle
c) cartilage
d) bone
_____ 30. Choking on food is most likely caused by an interference with the proper functioning of the
a) diaphragm
b) nasal cavity
c) bronchial tubes
d) epiglottis
_____ 31. The diagram represents a microscopic view of a functional unit of a kidney. In a kidney, which blood component would not usually pass through the membranes from region A to region B?
a) red blood cells c) mineral salts
b) urea d)water
_____ 32. In humans, the organ that most directly regulates the concentration of water in the blood is the
a) heart
b) liver
c) pancreas
d) kidney
_____ 33. The breaking apart of platelets in the blood helps in the
a) synthesis of hemoglobin
b) formation of a clot
c) release of antibodies
d) deamination of amino acids
_____ 34. The data in the graph below show evidence of disease in the human body. A disruption in dynamic equilibrium is indicated by the temperature change between points
a) A and B
b) B and C
c) C and D
d) E and F
_____ 35. Red blood cells contain a higher concentration of potassium than the surrounding blood plasma does. This higher concentration is maintained by the process of
a) cyclosis
b) osmosis
c) simple diffusion
d) active transport
_____ 36. When a person's level of physical activity changes, the circulatory system supplies body cells with amounts of nutrients and oxygen that are appropriate to sustain the new level of activity. This statement illustrates the concept of
a) homeostasis
b) pinocytosis
c) synthesis
d) cyclosis
_____ 37. What is a major difference between red blood cells and white blood cells?
a) Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, but white blood cells do not.
b) Red blood cells can move, but white blood cells cannot.
c) Red blood cells contain nuclei, but white blood cells do not.
d) Red blood cells engulf foreign bacteria, but white blood cells do not.
_____ 38. Which graph of blood sugar level over a 12-hour period best illustrates the concept of dynamic equilibrium in the body?
_____ 39. If a human system fails to function properly, what is the most likely result?
a) a stable rate of metabolism
b) a disturbance in homeostasis
c) a change in the method of cellular respiration
d) a change in the function of DNA
_____ 40. The human trachea is a passageway that remains open due to the presence of
a) bones
b) ligaments
c) skeletal muscles
d) cartilaginous rings
_____ 41. Which substances are secreted at the endings of nerve cells?
a) antibodies
b) antigens
c) neurotransmitters
d) lipids
_____ 42. In a human, the movement of glucose from the digestive tract to muscle cells is most directly a result of
a) ingestion and digestion
b) absorption and circulation
c) anaerobic respiration
d) protein synthesis
_____ 43. Smoking may damage the respiratory system because deposits from the smoke can
a) interfere with ciliary action in the trachea
b) trigger the release of antigens by the alveoli
c) block the transmission of impulses that regulate breathing
d) lower blood pressure in the mucous membranes of the bronchioles
_____ 44. Which substances may form in the human body due to invaders entering the blood?
a) nutrients
b) vaccines
c) antibodies
d) red blood cells
_____ 45. The normal sodium level in human blood is 135 mEq/L. If a blood test taken immediately after a meal reveals a sodium level of 150 mEq/L, what will most likely result?
a) Antibody production will increase.
b) The person will move to an ecosystem with a lower sodium level.
c) The nutritional relationships between humans and other organisms will change.
d) An adjustment within the human body will be made to restore homeostasis.
_____ 46. Which statement best describes the chemical substances secreted by the endocrine glands?
a) They are secreted in one place and most often act at another.
b) They are distributed by the nervous system.
c) They are found only in vertebrates.
d) They are secreted into specialized ducts for transport.
_____ 47. During a race, the body temperature of a runner increases. The runner responds by perspiring, which lowers body temperature. This process is an example of
a) maintainence of homeostasis
b) an anitgen-antibody reaction
c) an acquired characteristic
d) environmental factors affecting phenotype
_____ 48. An individual who has had chicken pox rarely gets the disease again. This situation is an example of
a) biological control
b) negative feedback
c) active immunity
d) passive immunity
_____ 49. Which reactions in the list below are associated with metabolism?
(A) cellular reactions that release energy
(B) photosynthetic reactions that store energy
(C) muscle reactions that use energy
a) A and B, only
b) B and C, only
c) C and A, only
d) A, B, and C
_____ 50. In humans, structures that release digestive secretions directly into the small intestine include both the
a) salivary glands and the pancreas
b) gall bladder and the lacteals
c) villi and the salivary glands
d) pancreas and the gall bladder
_____ 51. In the diagram of the human heart, which structures are most closely associated with the transport of deoxygenated blood?
a) A, B, and C
b) B, F , and I
c) C, D, and E
d) D, H, and I
_____ 52. Blood normally flows from the capillaries directly into
a) small arteries
b) small veins
c) lymph vessels
d) heart atria
_____ 53. Excretion is best described as the removal of
a) metabolic wastes from a cell
b) toxic wastes by the process of cyclosis
c) water molecules from dipeptide hydrolysis
d) undigested material from the digestive tract
_____ 54. Leverage, protection, and blood cell production are primarily functions of
a) muscles
b) tendons
c) cartilage
d) bone
_____ 55. The diagram below represents one possible immune response that can occur in the human body. The structures that are part of the immune system are represented by
a) A, only
b) A and C, only
c) B and C, only
d) A, B, and C