3AB PES
Revision Questions – Exercise Physiology
What are the major factors that determine the relative utilisation of carbs, fats and protein during physical activity.
Explain what actually happens to cause an endurance athlete to ‘hit the wall’
Explain how the diet of a power athlete should differ to that of an endurance athlete
What happens to an athlete if they do not replenish their glycogen stores and how can they avoid glycogen depletion.
Why is it important for athletes to consume a balanced diet.
Complete the following table explaining the contribution towards a balanced diet
Compound / Major role / function in the bodyProtein
Carbohydrates
Fats
Minerals
Vitamins
Water
Explain the glycaemic index (GI).
Give 3 examples of foods that are:
High GI / Medium GI / Low GIGive some general guidelines about how athletes should be using GI
Before exercise / During exercise / After exerciseComplete the following table, outlining the nutritional considerations that an endurance athlete needs to be aware of. Give specific meal ideas as well
Considerations / Guidelines / Meal ideasPre-competition
During competition
Post competition
Explain the process of ‘Carbohydrate Loading’ and explain how a cyclist would carbo load leading up to a road race.
List 3 general rules to do with fluid replacement (ie drinking guidelines)
Explain the benefits of sports drinks and describe the 3 types of sports drinks
Environmental Conditions and Performance
HEAT
Explain the 4 ways in which heat is lost (or transferred into the environment)
Explain the process of sweating and how it helps in keeping our temperature down
Explain humidity and how it adversely affects athletes
List some of the changes that occur as a result of exercising in the heat and humidity
Give suggestions of how athletes can reduce the effect of heat and humidity during
Training
Competitions
COLD
Explain how exercising in the cold can affect an athlete
Explain the difference between hyperthermia and hypothermia
How does exercising at altitude affect performance
Explain how altitude training works and the benefits that can be gained
METHODS OF ENHANCING PERFORMANCE
An ergogenic aid is a substance or technique that improves performance by increasing work capacity or delaying fatigue
Category / Explanation / ExamplesPhysiological Aids
Nutritional
Aids
Mechanical
Aids
Pharmacological Aids
Psychological Aids
There are many dietary supplements legally used by athletes in order to improve their results. Choose three to focus on and explain the supplement and how it actually helps to improve performance.
Supplement 1 ______
Supplement 2 ______
Supplement 3 ______
Complete the table below to discuss the legal and illegal performance enhancers that can and have been used by endurance athletes to improve their performance
Legal Performance Enhancers / Illegal Performance EnhancersCreatine / Benefits –
Used by – / Anabolic Steroids / Benefits –
Used by –
Side effects -
Caffeine / Benefits –
Used by – / EPO / Benefits –
Used by –
Side effects -
Sports Drinks / Benefits –
Used by – / Stimulants / Benefits –
Used by –
Side effects -
Carbo - Loading / Benefits –
Used by – / Beta-Blockers / Benefits –
Used by –
Side effects -
Benefits –
Used by – / Blood Doping / Benefits –
Used by –
Side effects -