NOTES-THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION (vehrs)

What is it?

•______over ______

•Fossil evidence shows that living things have not always been ______as today

History of the theory

•James Hutton (1785)

–Earth formed very ______, earth is ______

–Forces beneath the earth’s surface act to form ______, ______, ______

•Thomas Malthus (1798)

–Predicted that the human population would grow ______and ______than the space and food supplies will allow

–Predicted there would be a great ______, leading to wars and famine

•Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck (1809)

–Was the first to propose a mechanism for ______

–Hypothesized that the environment influenced the development of ______

–Inheritance of ______traits

•Lamarck’ Theory

–Acquired traits are developed as ______

Example:

•long neck of giraffe

•Fins and tail of a dolphin

–Acquired traits are passed on to ______

•Today we know that only traits that are controlled by ______can be passed down to future generations

–A trait that is not needed will be ______

•Today we know that an organism cannot “______” a trait it had at the start of its life, because traits are controlled by its ______

•Charles Lyell

–His book, Principles of Geology, explained that earth continues to ______just as it has for millions of years

–Processes that have (and continue to) shaped the earth are very ______

•Charles Darwin (1832)

–Set sail as ship’s ______on the HMS Beagle

–Read the works of ______, ______, and ______while sailing around the world

–Collected ______that would be used to support his developing theory

•Alfred Wallace (1858)

–Wrote to Darwin speculating on evolution by ______

Darwin’s Theory

•On the Origin of Species (published in 1859)

•Individuals ______and some of the variation is ______

•Many ______offspring are born than can ______

•There is ______for resources

•Each individual has ______and ______in the struggle to survive

•Those most ______to the environment will survive and pass their traits on

Evidence to Support Darwin’s Theory

•______

•Geographic ______of living species

•______body structures

•______similarities

Weaknesses of the Theory

•Cannot explain ______

–First single cell

–First multi-cellular organism

•Relies on ______as the explanation for change

–Most mutations are ______

•A “______” is not known for any two species

–All species seem to have come into being ______of any other

Theory changes as more ______is found

–Dinosaur theory