Health Science Cardiovascular Health - Chapter 15 Lecture Outline

Health Science Cardiovascular Health - Chapter 15 Lecture Outline

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)

Leading cause of death in the U.S.

Affects nearly 81 million Americans

Claims one life every 38 seconds

The high rate of CVD is primarily caused by American’s lifestyles

Major Risk Factors That Can Be Changed

Tobacco Use

Smoking harms the CV system in many ways:

Diabetes

Higher rates for other CVD risk factors:

· Blood Pressure

o Normal adult:

o Hypertensive adult:

· Cholesterol Levels

o Total cholesterol (mg/dl):

o LDLs:

o HDLs:

· Level of Physical Activity

o Physical activity:

Major Risk Factors That Can’t Be Changed

Heredity

Aging

Being male

Ethnicity

THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Components of the Cardiovascular System

Heart:

Blood Vessels:

Arteries -

Veins –

Capillaries –

Blood:

Each heartbeat has two phases:

Systeole =

Diastole =

Reporting BP:

ANATOMY OF THE HEART

Great Vessels of the Heart

· From left to right (front view of heart):

o Superior and Inferior vena cava

o Aorta

o Pulmonary Trunk

Chambers of the Heart

Right Atrium

Right ventricle

Left Atrium

Left Ventricle

Coronary Circulation

· Definition:

Coronary arteries are:

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

Major Forms of Cardiovascular Disease

· Atherosclerosis

· Coronary Artery (Heart) Disease (heart attack, angina)

· Arrhythmias and Sudden Cardiac Death

· Stroke

· Congestive Heart Failure

· Atherosclerosis –

o When coronary arteries become blocked with plaque buildup:

§ Symptoms of heart attack include:

o If an artery in a limb becomes narrowed or blocked:

· Angina – Arteries are narrowed by disease may still be open enough to deliver blood to the heart

o During times of stress:

o Usually felt as:

· Arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death –

· Stroke-

o Types of Strokes

§ Ischemic stroke –

· Thrombotic stroke-

· Embolic stroke -

Hemorrhagic stroke –

Intracerebral hemorrhage-

Subarachnoid hemorrhage-

Aneurysm-

Detecting and Treating Stroke

· A quick way to recognize a stroke is to ask the person to do three things:

o 1.

o 2.

o 3.

The Effects of a Stroke Include:

Treating Stroke

· For Ischemic Stroke

· For Hemorrhagic Stroke

· Transient Ischemic Attack

· If a stroke is detected late

· Congestive Heart Failure:

o High blood pressure

o Heart attack

o Atherosclerosis

o Alcoholism

o Viral infections

o Rheumatic fever

o Birth defects

Pulmonary edema -

Other Forms of Heart Disease

Congenital Heart Disease

Defect/malformation of heart/blood vessels that you are born with

Ex. “A hole in the heart”

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)

Can cause arrhythmias

Rheumatic Heart Disease

Up to 3% of untreated strep. Infections lead to rheumatic fever

DETECTING AND TREATING HEART DISEASE

Tests Used to Detect Heart Disease

· Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)

A record of:

Procedure:

Echocardiography

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

· Angiogram

Treating Heart Disease

· Balloon angioplasty

· Coronary Bypass Surgery

Protecting Yourself Against Cardiovascular Disease

Exercise regularly

Avoid tobacco

Know and manage your blood pressure (monitored once every two years)

Know and manage your cholesterol levels

Develop effective ways to handle stress and anger

Other Dietary Factors

Omega-3 fatty acids

Plant stanols and sterols

Folic acid

Vitamins B-6 and B-12

Calcium

Soy protein

Healthy carbohydrates

Total calories

DASH

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension