Minerals in Coal Bibliography

Minerals in Coal Bibliography

Selected References— Revised March 2018

These bibliographic references have been compiled as a TSOP project, and organic petrologists have found the references to be useful in their work. They should be available at university or geological research center libraries. They are not available from TSOP.

Allen, R.M., and J.B. Vander Sande, 1984, Analysis of submicron mineral matter in coal via scanning-transmission electron microscopy: Fuel, v. 63, p. 24-29.

Arbuzov, S.I., A.M. Mezhibor, D.A. Spears, S.S. Ilenok, M.V. Shaldybin, and E.V. Belaya, 2016, Nature of tonsteins in the Azeisk deposit of the Irkutsk coal basin (Siberia, Russia): International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 153, p. 99-111.

Bandopadhyay, A.K., 2010, Determination of quartz content for Indian coals using an FTIR technique: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 81, p. 73-78.

Bandopadhyay, A.K., 2010, A study on the abundance of quartz in thermal coals of India and its relation to abrasion index: Development of predictive model for abrasion: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 84, p. 63-69.

Baumann, D.R., 1982, The occurrence and distribution of mineral matter in coal lithotypes in the Herrin (No. 6) coal seam under marine and non-marine influences: Carbondale, Southern Illinois University, unpublished M.S. thesis, 151 p.

Belkin, H.E., S.J. Tewalt, J.C. Hower, J.D. Stucker, J.M.K. O’Keefe, C.A. Tatu, and G. Buia, 2010, Petrography and geochemistry of Oligocene bituminous coal from the Jiu Valley, Petroşani Basin (southern Carpathian Mountains), Romania: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 82, p. 68-80.

Bhowmick, T., B. Nayak, and A.K. Varma, 2017, Chemical and mineralogical composition of Kathara coal, east Bokaro coalfield, India: Fuel, v. 208, p. 91-100.

Birk, D., 1989, Coal minerals: quantitative and descriptive SEM-EDX analysis: Journal of Coal Quality, v. 8, p. 55-62.

Birk, D., 1990, Quantitative coal mineralogy of the Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia, Canada, by scanning electron microscopy, computerized image analysis, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometry: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 27, p. 163-179.

Bohor, B.F., and D.M. Triplehorn, 1993, Tonsteins: altered volcanic-ash layers in coal-bearing sequences: GSA Special Paper 285, 56 p.

Burger, K., and H.H. Damberger, 1985, Tonsteins in the coalfields of western Europe and North America, in Compte Rendu of IXICC: SIU Press, Carbondale, v. 4, p. 433-448.

Cai, Y., D. Liu, Z. Pan, Y. Yao, and C. Li, 2015, Mineral occurrences and its impact on fracture generation in selected Qinshui Basin coals: An experimental perspective: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 150-151, p. 35-50.

Cecil, C.B., J.J. Renton, R.W. Stanton, and F.T. Dulong, 1979, Some geologic factors controlling mineral matter in coal, in A.C. Donaldson, M.W. Presley, and J.J. Renton, eds., Carboniferous coal short course and guidebook: West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey, Bulletin B-37-1, p. 224-239.

Cecil, C.B., R.W. Stanton, F.T. Dulong, and J.J. Renton, 1979, Geologic factors that control mineral matter in coal, in A.C. Donaldson, M.W. Presley, and J.J. Renton, eds., Carboniferous coal short course and guidebook: West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey, Bulletin B-37-3, p. 43-56.

Cecil, C.B., R.W. Stanton, F.T. Dulong, and J.J. Renton, 1982, Geologic factors that control mineral matter in coal, in B.S. Filby, B.S. Carpenter, and R.C. Ragaini, eds., Atomic and nuclear methods in fossil fuel research: New York, Plenum Press, p. 323-335.

Chen, J., P. Chen, D. Yao, Z. Liu, Y. Wu, W. Liu, and Y. Hu, 2015, Mineralogy and geochemistry of Late Permian coals from the Donglin coal mine in the Nantong coalfield in Chongqing, southwestern China: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 149, p. 24-40.

Ciesielczuk, J., Ł. Kruszewski, and J. Majka, 2015, Comparative mineralogical study of thermally-altered coal-dump waste, natural rocks and the products of laboratory heating experiments: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 139, p. 114-141.

Cobb, J.C., J.M. Masters, C.G. Treworgy, and R.J. Helfinstine, 1979, Abundance and recovery of sphalerite and fine coal from mine waste in Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Minerals Note 71, 11 p.

Cobb, J.C., J.D. Steele, C.G. Treworgy, and J.F. Ashby, 1980, The abundance of zinc and cadmium in sphalerite-bearing coals in Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Minerals Note 74, 28 p.

Cobb, J.C., 1985, Timing and development of mineralized veins during diagenesis in coal beds, in Compte Rendu of IXICC: SIU Press, Carbondale, v. 4, p. 371-376.

Creelman, R.A., and C.R. Ward, 1996, A scanning electron microscope method for automated, quantitative analysis of mineral matter in coal: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 30, p. 249-269.

Cressey, B.A., and G. Cressey, 1988, Preliminary mineralogical investigation of Leicestershire low-rank coal: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 10, p. 177-191.

Crowley, S.S., L.F. Ruppert, H.E. Belkin, R.W. Stanton, and T.A. Moore, 1993, Factors affecting the geochemistry of a thick, subbituminous coal bed in the Powder River basin: volcanic, detrital, and peat-forming processes: Organic Geochemistry, v. 20, p. 843-853.

Cutruneo, C.M.N.L., M.L.S. Oliveira, C.R. Ward, J.C. Hower, I.A.S. de Brum, C.H. Sampaio, R.M. Kautzmann, S.R. Taffarel, E.C. Teixeira, and L.F.O. Silva, 2014, A mineralogical and geochemical study of three Brazilian coal cleaning rejects: Demonstration of electron beam applications: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 130, p. 33-52.

Dai, S., D. Li, D. Ren, Y. Tang, L. Shao, and H. Song, 2004, Geochemistry of the late Permian No. 30 coal seam, Zhijin Coalfield of southwest China: influence of a siliceous low-temperature hydrothermal fluid: Applied Geochemistry, v. 19, p. 1315-1330.

Dai, S., D. Ren, Y. Tang, M. Yue, and L. Hao, 2005, Concentration and distribution of elements in Late Permian coals from western Guizhou Province, China: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 61, p. 119-137.

Dai, S., D. Li, C.-L. Chou, L. Zhao, Y. Zhang, D. Ren, Y. Ma, and Y. Sun, 2008, Mineralogy and geochemistry of boehmite-rich coals: New insights from the Haerwusu surface mine, Jungar Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 74, p. 185-202.

Dai, S., L. Tian, C.-L. Chou, Y. Zhou, M. Zhang, L. Zhao, J. Wang, Z. Yang, H. Cao, and D. Ren, 2008, Mineralogical and compositional characteristics of Late Permian coals from an area of high lung cancer rate in Xuan Wei, Yunnan, China: Occurrence and origin of quartz and chamosite: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 76, p. 318-327.

Dai, S., X. Wang, W. Chen, D. Li, C-L. Chou, Y. Zhou, C. Zhu, H. Li, X. Zhu, Y. Xing, W. Zhang, and J. Zou, 2010, A high-pyrite semianthracite of Late Permian age in the Songzao coalfield, southwestern China: mineralogical and geochemical relations with underlying mafic tuffs: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 83, p. 430-445.

Dai, S., J. Zou, Y. Jiang, C.R. Ward, X. Wang, T. Li, W. Xue, S. Liu, H. Tian, X. Sun, and D. Zhou, 2012, Mineralogical and geochemical compositions of the Pennsylvanian coal in the Adaohai mine, Daqingshan Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China: Modes of occurrence and origin of diaspora, gorceixite, and ammonian illite: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 94, p. 250-270.

Dai, S., Y. Jiang, C.R. Ward, L. Gu, V.V. Seredin, H. Liu, D. Zhou, X. Wang, Y. Sun, J. Zou, and D. Ren, 2012, Mineralogical and geochemical compositions of the coal in the Guanbanwusu mine, Inner Mongolia, China: Further evidence for the existence of an Al (Ga and REE) ore deposit in the Jungar coalfield: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 98, p. 10-40.

Dai, S., W. Zhang, C.R. Ward, V.V. Seredin, J.C. Hower, X. Li, W. Song, X. Wang, H. Kang, L. Zheng, P. Wang, and D. Zhou, 2013, Mineralogical and geochemical anomalies of late Permian coals from the Fusui coalfield, Guangxi Province, southern China: Influences of terrigenous materials and hydrothermal fluids: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 105, p. 60-84.

Dai, S., W. Zhang, V.V. Seredin, C.R. Ward, J.C. Hower, W. Song, X. Wang, X. Li, L. Zhao, H. Kang, L. Zheng, P. Wang, and D. Zhou, 2013, Factors controlling geochemical and mineralogical compositions of coals preserved within marine carbonate successions: A case study from the Heshan coalfield, southern China: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 109-110, p. 77-100.

Dai, S., T. Li, V.V. Seredin, C.R. Ward, J.C. Hower, Y. Zhou, M. Zhang, X. Song, W. Song, and C. Zhao, 2014, Origin of minerals and elements in the Late Permian coals, tonsteins, and host rocks of the Xinde Mine, Xuanwei, eastern Yunnan, China: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 121, p. 53-78.

Dai, S., V.V. Seredin, C.R. Ward, J. Jiang, J.C. Hower, X. Song, Y. Jiang, X. Wang, T. Gornostaeva, X. Li, H. Liu, L. Zhao, and C. Zhao, 2014, Composition and modes of occurrence of minerals and elements in coal combustion products derived from high-Ge coals: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 121, p. 79-97.

Dai, S., Y. Luo, V.V. Seredin, C.R. Ward, J.C. Hower, L. Zhao, S. Liu, C. Zhao, H. Tian, and J. Zou, 2014, Revisiting the late Permian coal from the Huayingshan, Sichuan, southwestern China: Enrichment and occurrence modes of minerals and trace elements: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 122, p. 110-128.

Dai, S., T. Li, Y. Jiang, C.R. Ward, J.C. Hower, J. Sun, J. Liu, H. Song, J. Wei, Q. Li, P. Xie, and Q. Huang, 2015, Mineralogical and geochemical compositions of the Pennsylvanian coal in the Hailiushu mine, Daqingshan coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China: Implications of sediment-source region and acid hydrothermal solutions: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 137, p. 92-110.

Dai, S., P. Wang, C.R. Ward, Y. Tang, X. Song, J. Jiang, J.C. Hower, T. Li, V.V. Seredin, N.J. Wagner, Y. Jiang, X. Wang, and J. Liu, 2015, Elemental and mineralogical anomalies in the coal-hosted Ge ore deposit of Lincang, Yunnan, southwestern China: Key role of N2–CO2-mixed hydrothermal solutions: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 152, p. 19-46. (Germanium)

Dai, S., J. Liu, C.R. Ward, J.C. Hower, D. French, S. Jia, M.M. Hood, and T.M. Garrison, 2016, Mineralogical and geochemical compositions of Late Permian coals and host rocks from the Guxu coalfield, Sichuan Province, China, with emphasis on enrichment of rare metals: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 166, p. 71-95.

Davis, A., S.J. Russell, S.M. Rimmer, and J.D. Yeakel, 1984, Some genetic implications of silica and aluminosilicates in peat and coal: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 3, p. 293-314.

Dawson, G.K.W., S.D. Golding, J.S. Esterle, and P. Massarotto, 2012, Occurrence of minerals within fractures and matrix of selected Bowen and Ruhr basin coals: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 94, p. 150-166.

Demir, I., and R.D. Harvey, 1990, Abundance and origin of major minerals in the Herrin coal, Illinois basin, in Mineral matter and ash deposition from coal: New York, Engineering Foundation, p. 13-22.

Dias, C.L., M.L.S. Oliveira, J.C. Hower, S.R. Taffarel, R.M. Kautzmann, and L.F.O. Silva, 2014, Nanominerals and ultrafine particles from coal fires from Santa Catarina, south Brazil: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 122, p.50-60.

Díaz-Somoano, M., I Suárez-Ruiz, J.I.G. Alonso, J.R. Encinar, M.A. López-Antón, and M.R. Martínez-Tarazona, 2007, Lead isotope ratios in Spanish coals of different characteristics and origin: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 71, p. 28-36.

Diehl, S.F., M.B. Goldhaber, A.E. Koenig, H.A. Lowers, and L.F. Ruppert, 2012, Distribution of arsenic, selenium, and other trace elements in high pyrite Appalachian coals: Evidence for multiple episodes of pyrite formation: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 94, p. 238-249.

Dill, H.G., J. Kus, R. Dohrmann, and Y. Tsoy, 2008, Supergene and hypogene alteration in the dual-use kaolin-bearing coal deposit Angren, SE Uzbekistan: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 75, p. 225-240.

Erarslan, C., and Y. Őrgűn, 2017, Mineralogical and geochemical characterization of the Saray and Pinarhisar coals, northwest Thrace Basin, Turkey: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 173, p. 9-25.

Erkoyun, H., S. Kadir, T. Külah, and J. Huggett, 2017, Mineralogy, geochemistry and genesis of clays interlayered coal seams succession in the Neogene lacustrine Seyitőmer deposit, Kütahya, western Turkey: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 172, p. 112-133.

Falcone, S.K., and H.H. Schobert, 1984, Mineral transformations during ashing of selected low-rank coals, in K.S. Vorres, ed., Mineral matter and ash in coal: American Chemical Society Symposium Series 301, p. 114-127.

Felgueroso, J., A. Martinez-Alonso, M.R. Martinez-Tarazona, and J.M.D. Tascon, 1988, The determination of mineral matter content of low-rank coals: Journal of Coal Quality, v. 7, p. 127-131.

Filippidis, A., A. Georgakopoulos, and A. Kassoli-Fournaraki, 1996, Mineralogical components of some thermally decomposed lignite and lignite ash from the Ptolemais basin, Greece: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 30, p. 303-314.

Finkelman, R.B., 1982, Modes of occurrence of trace elements and minerals in coal: an analytic approach, in R.H. Filby, B.S. Carpenter, and R.C. Ragaini, eds., Atomic and nuclear methods in fossil energy research: New York, Plenum Press, p. 141-149.

Finkelman, R.B., F.L. Fiene, R.N. Miller, and F.O. Simon, eds., 1984, Interlaboratory comparison of mineral constituents in a sample from the Herrin (no. 6) coal bed from Illinois: USGS Circular 932, 42 p.

Finkelman, R.B., 1985, Mode of occurrence of accessory sulfide and selenide minerals in coal,in A.T. Cross, ed., Neuviene Congress International de Stratigraphic et de Geologic du Carbonifere: Compte Rendu., v. 4, p. 407-412.

Finkelman, R.B., and R.D. Brown, Jr., 1991, Coal as a host and as an indicator of mineral resources, in D.C. Peters, ed., Geology in coal resource utilication: Fairfax, VA, Tech Books, p. 471-481.

Finkelman, R.B., 1994, Modes of occurrence of potentially hazardous elements in coal: levels of confidence: Fuel Processing Technology, v. 39, p. 21-24.

Frankie, K.A., and J.C. Hower, 1987, Variation in pyrite size, form and microlithotype association in the Springfield (no. 9) and Herrin (no. 11) coals, western Kentucky: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 7, p. 349-364.

Fu, X., J. Wang, F. Tan, X. Feng, and S. Zeng, 2013, Minerals and potentially hazardous trace elements in the Late Triassic coals from the Qiangtang Basin, China: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 116-117, p. 93-105.

Gaddam, C.K., and R.L. Vander Wal, 2015, Direct microplasma analysis of coals and sorbents for C, H, N, S and mineral element concentrations: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 143, p. 11-21.

Gayer, R., and D. Rickard, 1994, Colloform gold in coal from southern Wales: Geology, v. 22, p. 35-38.

Glick, D.C., and A. Davis, 1987, Variability in the inorganic element content of U.S. coals including results of cluster analysis: Organic Geochemistry, v. 11, p. 331-342.

Glikson, M., S.D. Golding, C.J. Boreham, and J.D. Saxby, 2000, Mineralization in eastern Australia coals: a function of oil generation and primary migration, in M. Glikson and M. Mastalerz, eds., Organic matter and mineralization: Thermal alteration, hydrocarbon generation and role in metallogenesis: Springer-Science, p. 329-358.

Gluskoter, H.J., 1975, Mineral matter and trace elements in coal: Washington, D.C., American Chemical Society, Advances in Chemistry Series No. 141, 22 p.

Gluskoter, H.J., R.R. Ruch, W.G. Miller, R.A. Cahill, G.B. Dreher, and J.K. Kuhn, 1977, Trace elements in coal: occurrence and distribution: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 499, 154 p.

Golab, A., C.R. Ward, A. Permana, P. Lennox, and P. Botha, 2013, High-resolution three-dimensional imaging of coal using microfocus X-ray computed tomography, with special reference to modes of mineral occurrence: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 113, p. 97-108.

Golab, A.N., P.F. Carr, and D.R. Palamara, 2006, Influence of localised igneous activity on cleat dawsonite formation in Late Permian coal measures, Upper Hunter Valley, Australia: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 66, p. 296-304.

Golab, A.N., A.C. Hutton, and D. French, 2007, Petrography, carbonate mineralogy and geochemistry of thermally altered coal in Permian coal measures, Hunter Valley, Australia: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 70, p. 150-165.

Gong, B., C. Tian, Z. Xiong, Y. Zhao, and J. Zhang, 2016, Mineral changes and trace element releases during extraction of alumina from high aluminum fly ash in Inner Mongolia, China: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 166, p. 96-107.

Goodarzi, F., and E. Van Der Flier-Keller, 1990, Variation of elements in the southern intermontane coals of British Columbia, Canada: Journal of Coal Quality, v. 9, p. 62-65.

Goodarzi, F., H. Sanei, L.D. Stasiuk, H. Bagheri-Sadeghi, and J. Reyes, 2006, A preliminary study of mineralogy and geochemistry of four coal samples from northern Iran: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 65, p. 35-50.

Grigore, M., R. Sakurovs, D. French, and V. Sahajwalla, 2008, Mineral matter in coals and their reactions during coking: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 76, p. 301-308.

Grigore, M., and R. Sakurovs, 2016, Inorganic matter in Victorian brown coals: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 154-155, p. 257-264.

Harris, L.A., T. Rose, L. Derose, and J. Greene, 1977, Quantitative analysis of pyrite in coal by optical image techniques: Economic Geology, v. 72, p. 695-697.

Harvey, R.D., and P.J. DeMaris, 1987, Size and maceral association of pyrite in Illinois coals and their float-sink fractions: Organic Geochemistry, v. 11, p. 343-349.

Harvey, R.D., and R.R. Ruch, 1986, Mineral matter in Illinois and other U.S. coals, in K.S. Vorres, ed., Mineral matter and ash in coal: Washington, D.C., American Chemical Society, ACS Symposium Series 301, p. 10-40.

Hatch, J.R., H.J. Gluskoter, and P.C. Lindahl, 1976, Sphalerite in coals from the Illinois Basin: Economic Geology, v. 71, p. 613-624.

Hill, P.A., 1988, The vertical distribution of minerals in coal zones A, B, C, D, Hat Creek, British Columbia: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 10, p. 141-153.

Hower, J.C., and J.D. Robertson, 2003, Clausthalite in coal: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 53, p. 219-225.

Huggins, F.E., G.P. Huffman, and R.J. Lee, 1982, Scanning electron microscope-based automated image analysis (SEM-AIA) and Mossbauer spectroscopy: quantitative characterization of coal minerals, in E.L. Fuller, Jr., ed., Coal and coal products: analytical characterization techniques: Washington, D.C., American Chemical Society, ACS Symposium Series 205, p. 239-258.

Huggins, F.E., 2002, Overview of analytical methods for inorganic constituents in coal: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 50, p. 169-214.

Jenkins, R.G., and P.L. Walker, Jr., 1978, Analysis of mineral matter in coal, in C. Karr, Jr., ed., Analytical methods for coal and coal products, v. 2: New York, Academic Press, p. 265-292.

Jiang, Y., L Zhao, G. Zhou, X. Wang, L. Zhao, J. Wei, and H. Song, 2015, Petrological, mineralogical, and geochemical compositions of Early Jurassic coals in the Yining Coalfield, Xinjiang, China: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 152, p. 47-67.

Jongwa, L.T., and A.M. Crouch, 2012, Mercury speciation in South African coal: Fuel, v. 94, p. 234-239.

Karayiğit, A.İ., R. Littke, X. Querol, T. Jones, R. Gőrkem Oskay, and K. Christanis, 2017, The Miocene coal seams in the Soma Basin (W. Turkey): Insights from coal petrography, mineralogy and geochemistry: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 173, p. 110-128.

Kettanah, Y.A., and C.F. Eble, 2017, Petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry of Hemrin coal seam, Hemrin South Mountain, northern Iraq: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 181, p. 39-59.

Kimura, T., H. Kawashima, and I. Saito, 1994, Smectite and illite/smectite mixed-layer clay minerals in the Ashibetsu clays: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 26, p. 215-231.

King, H.M., and J.J. Renton, 1979, The mode of occurrence and distribution of sulfur in West Virginia coals, in A.C. Donaldson, M.W. Presley, and J.J. Renton, eds., Carboniferous coal short course and guidebook: West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey, Bulletin B-37-1, p. 278-301.

Kolker, A., 2012, Minor element distribution in iron disulfides in coal: A geochemical review: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 94, p. 32-43.

Kortenski, J., 1992, Carbonate minerals in Bulgarian coals with different degrees of coalification: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 20, p. 225-242.

Kortenski, J., and I. Kostova, 1996, Occurrence and morphology of pyrite in Bulgarian coals: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 29, p. 273-290.

Kostova, I., and A. Zdravkov, 2007, Organic petrology, mineralogy and depositional environment of the Kipra lignite seam, Maritza-West Basin, Bulgaria: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 71, p. 527-541.

Koukouzas, N., C.R. Ward, and Z. Li, 2010, Mineralogy of lignites and associated strata in the Mavropigi field of the Ptolemais Basin, northern Greece: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 81, p. 182-190.

Laufek, F., F. Veselovský, M. Drábek, B. Kříbek, and M. Klementová, 2017, Experimental formation of Pb, Sn, Ge and Sb sulfides, selenides and chlorides in the presence of sal ammoniac: A contribution to the understanding of the mineral formation processes in coal wastes self-ignition: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 176-177, p. 1-7.

Li, B., X. Zhuang, J. Li, X. Querol, O. Font, and N. Moreno, 2016, Geological controls on mineralogy and geochemistry of the Late Permian coals in the Liulong mine of the Liuzhi coalfield, Guizhou Province, southwest China: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 154-155, p. 1-15.