Table S1. Complete list of the 1214 estudied species, indicating percentages of sucrose (% S) and hexoses (% H, fructose + glucose), pollinator type (PT), growth form (GF), climatic zone (CZ), and references from where sugar nectar composition data was extracted. Pollinator type: BAT: bats, COL: coleopterans, DIP: dipterans, GI: several insect orders, GIV: insects + vertebrate orders, GV: several vertebrate orders, HUM: hummingbirds, HYM: hymenopterans, LEP: lepidopterans, PAS: passerines, ROD: rodents; growth form: C: climbers, E: Epiphytes, H: herbs, S: shrubs, Ss: subshrubs, T: trees; latitudinal climatic zone: T: tropical, St: subtropical, Te: temperate. The species denoted with a dagger simbol (†) are those in which the presence of a fourth sugar was detected. Within the species from the tropical climatic zone, those occurring in the altitudinal-subtropical zone were denoted by one asteric (*), while those occuring in the altitudinal-temperate zone were denoted with two asteriscs (**) (see Materials and Methods seccion for details). As missing data cannot be handled by the phylogenetic analyses performed, 214 species had to be excluded.
Family / Name in phylogeny / % S / % H / PT / GF / CZ / ReferenceAcanthaceae / Acanthaceae spp. / 87.00 / 13.00 / HUM / H / T / Schmidt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Acanthopsis spp. / 61.00 / 39.00 / HYM / H / T / Schmidt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Acanthus mollis / 100.00 / 0.00 / HYM / H / T / Schmidt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Andrographis paniculata / 87.00 / 13.00 / HYM / S / T / Schmidt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Aphelandra acanthus / 46.00 / 54.00 / GV / S / T / Schmidt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Aphelandra aurantiaca / 59.00 / 41.00 / HUM / S / T / Schmidt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Aphelandra deppeana / 69.20 / 30.80 / HUM / H / T / Stiles and Freeman 1993
Acanthaceae / Aphelandra maculata / 92.00 / 8.00 / LEP / S / T / Schmidt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Aphelandra punctata / 93.00 / 7.00 / HUM / S / T / Schmidt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Aphelandra sinclairiana / 80.00 / 20.00 / HUM / S / T / Schmidt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Aphelandra squarrosa / 73.00 / 27.00 / HUM / S / T / Schmidt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Aphelandra storkii / 54.80 / 45.20 / HUM / H / T / Stiles and Freeman 1993
Acanthaceae / Asystasia gangetica / 67.80 / 32.20 / HYM / H / T / Freeman et al. 1991
Acanthaceae / Asystasia intrusa / 21.60 / 78.40 / HYM / S / T / Freeman et al. 1991
Acanthaceae / Barleria albostellata / 69.00 / 31.00 / LEP / S / T / Schmidt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Barleria cristata / 13.30 / 86.70 / LEP / S / T / Freeman et al. 1991
Acanthaceae / Barleria oenotheroides / 5.00 / 95.00 / PAS / H / T / Schmidt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Barleria prionitis / 0.15 / 99.85 / LEP / H / T / Freeman et al. 1991; Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Barleria sacleuxii / 0.00 / 100.00 / LEP / H / T / Schmidt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Brillantaisia lamium / 97.00 / 3.00 / HYM / Ss / T / Schmidt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Crossandra flava / 64.00 / 36.00 / LEP / S / T / Schmidt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Crossandra nilotica / 25.00 / 75.00 / LEP / H / T / Schmidt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Crossandra puberula / 25.00 / 75.00 / LEP / S / T / Schmidt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Crossandra pungens / 72.00 / 28.00 / LEP / Ss / T / Schmidt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Cryptophragmium ceylanicum / 84.00 / 16.00 / HYM / S / T / Schmidt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Dicliptera iopus / 59.90 / 40.10 / HUM / H / T / Stiles and Freeman 1993
Acanthaceae / Elytraria carolinensis / 90.00 / 10.00 / LEP / H / T / Schmidt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Fittonia verschaffeltii / 73.00 / 27.00 / HYM / H / T / Schmidt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Hansteinia blepharorhachis / 66.40 / 33.60 / LEP / H / T / Stiles and Freeman 1993
Acanthaceae / Justicia carnea / 63.51 / 36.49 / HUM / S / St / Schmidt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Justicia adhatoda / 60.00 / 40.00 / LEP / Ss / T / Schmidt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Justicia adhatodoides / 85.00 / 15.00 / HYM / Ss / T / Schmidt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Justicia appendiculata / 74.00 / 26.00 / HUM / S / T / Schmidt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Justicia arcuata / 65.00 / 35.00 / HYM / S / T / Stiles and Freeman 1993
Acanthaceae / Justicia aurea / 60.50 / 39.50 / HYM / Ss / T / Schmidt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Justicia boliviensis / 71.00 / 29.00 / - / S / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Justicia brandegeeana / 69.00 / 31.00 / HUM / S / T / Freeman et al. 1984
Acanthaceae / Justicia californica / 68.00 / 32.00 / HUM / S / St / Freeman et al. 1984
Acanthaceae / Justicia candicans / 68.00 / 32.00 / HUM / Ss / St / Gottsberger et al. 1984; Schmidt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Justicia carthaginensis / 73.00 / 27.00 / LEP / Ss / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Justicia glomerata / 78.00 / 22.00 / HYM / S / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Justicia hyssopifolia / 0.00 / 100.00 / HYM / S / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Justicia macrantha / 72.00 / 28.00 / HUM / H / T / Stiles and Freeman 1993
Acanthaceae / Justicia peruviana / 84.00 / 16.00 / HYM / S / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Justicia rizzinii / 76.00 / 24.00 / HUM / S / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Justicia spicigera / 64.00 / 36.00 / HUM / H / St / Freeman et al. 1984
Acanthaceae / Justicia tenuistachys / 78.00 / 22.00 / HUM / S / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Justicia velutina / 74.00 / 26.00 / HUM / Ss / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Odontonema callistachyum / 50.00 / 50.00 / HUM / S / T / Stiles and Freeman 1993
Acanthaceae / Odontonema schomburgkianum / 60.00 / 40.00 / HUM / Ss / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Odontonema spp. / 92.00 / 8.00 / HYM / S / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Pachystachys lutea / 66.00 / 34.00 / HUM / Ss / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Pachystachys spicata / 69.00 / 31.00 / HUM / Ss / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Peristrophe salicifolia / 4.00 / 96.00 / HYM / H / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Pseuderanthemum alatum / 64.00 / 36.00 / LEP / S / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum / 56.00 / 44.00 / LEP / Ss / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Pseuderanthemum cinnabarinum / 57.00 / 43.00 / LEP / Ss / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Pseuderanthemum hildebrandtii / 14.00 / 86.00 / LEP / Ss / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Pseuderanthemum lindavianum / 16.00 / 84.00 / LEP / Ss / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Razisea spicata / 57.30 / 42.70 / HUM / Ss / T / Stiles and Freeman 1993
Acanthaceae / Razisea wilburii / 70.10 / 29.90 / HUM / Ss / T / Stiles and Freeman 1993
Acanthaceae / Ruellia brevifolia / 70.00 / 30.00 / HUM / H / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Ruellia formosa / 61.00 / 39.00 / HUM / H / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Ruellia graecizans / 73.00 / 27.00 / HUM / H / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Ruellia haenkeana pilosa / 71.00 / 29.00 / HUM / H / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Ruellia humilis / 68.00 / 32.00 / HYM / H / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Ruellia inundata / 79.20 / 20.80 / LEP / H / T / Stiles and Freeman 1993
Acanthaceae / Ruellia macrantha / 60.00 / 40.00 / HYM / H / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Ruellia pearcei / 56.00 / 44.00 / HUM / H / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Ruellia puri / 75.50 / 24.50 / LEP / H / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Ruellia strepens / 83.00 / 17.00 / HYM / Ss / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Ruspolia seticalyx / 41.00 / 59.00 / LEP / S / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Ruttya speciosa / 0.00 / 100.00 / PAS / S / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Sanchezia nobilis / 71.27 / 28.73 / HUM / H / St / Gottsberger et al. 1984
Acanthaceae / Sanchezia oblonga / 76.00 / 24.00 / HUM / H / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Sanchezia parvibracteata / 65.00 / 35.00 / HUM / H / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Sanchezia skutchii / 68.00 / 32.00 / HUM / H / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Schaueria calicotricha / 66.00 / 34.00 / HUM / H / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Staurogyne lasiobotrys / 49.50 / 50.50 / - / Ss / T / Freeman et al. 1991
Acanthaceae / Streblacanthus dubiosus / 45.00 / 55.00 / LEP / S / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Suessenguthia barthleniana / 83.00 / 17.00 / - / S / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Suessenguthia multisetosa / 59.00 / 41.00 / HYM / C / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Thunbergia alata / 95.50 / 4.50 / HYM / C / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Thunbergia erecta / 100.00 / 0.00 / HYM / C / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Thunbergia fragrans / 48.95 / 51.05 / LEP / C / T / Freeman et al. 1991;Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Thunbergia laurifolia / 100.00 / 0.00 / HYM / C / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Thunbergia mysorensis / 16.50 / 83.50 / PAS / S / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Acanthaceae / Whitfieldia elongata / 58.00 / 42.00 / LEP / H / T / Schimdt-Lebuhn et al. 2007
Alstroemeriaceae / Alstroemeria aurea / 47.30 / 52.70 / HYM / C / Te / Chalcoff et al. 2006
Alstroemeriaceae / Bomarea angustifolia / 63.80 / 36.20 / HUM / C / T** / Stiles and Freeman 1993
Alstroemeriaceae / Bomarea chontalensis / 91.40 / 8.60 / HUM / C / T** / Stiles and Freeman 1993
Alstroemeriaceae / Bomarea costaricensis / 68.95 / 31.05 / HUM / H / T / Stiles and Freeman 1993
Amaryllidaceae / Allium spp. / 3.12 / 96.88 / HYM / H / Te / Silva and Dean 2000
Amaryllidaceae / Allium Sthirsutum / 17.67 / 82.33 / GI / H / St / Petanidou et al. 2006
Amaryllidaceae / Rhodophiala mendocina / 1.40 / 98.60 / HYM / H / Te / Chalcoff et al. 2006
Amaryllidaceae / Sternbergia lutea / 31.45 / 68.55 / GI / H / St / Petanidou et al. 2006
Apiaceae / Carum carvi karzo / 7.05 / 92.95 / GI / H / Te / Langenberger and Davis 2002
Apiaceae / Carum carvi moran / 9.55 / 90.45 / GI / H / Te / Langenberger and Davis 2002
Apiaceae / Eryngium campestre / 4.49 / 95.51 / GI / H / St / Petanidou et al. 2006
Apiaceae / Scandix australis / 16.20 / 83.80 / GI / H / St / Petanidou et al. 2006
Apiaceae / Thapsia garganica / 1.64 / 98.36 / GI / H / St / Petanidou et al. 2006
Apiaceae / Tordylium apulum / 13.60 / 86.40 / GI / H / St / Petanidou et al. 2006
Apocynaceae / Amblyopetalum coccineum / 31.50 / 68.50 / LEP / H / St / Galetto and Bernardello 2003
Apocynaceae / Asclepias syriaca / 99.35 / 0.65 / HYM / T / Te / Southwick et al. 1981
Apocynaceae / Cerbera manghas / 84.50 / 15.50 / LEP / T / T / Freeman et al. 1991
Apocynaceae / Cerbera odollam / 91.00 / 9.00 / LEP / C / T / Freeman et al. 1991
Apocynaceae / Cynanchum diemii / 94.90 / 5.10 / LEP / C / Te / Chalcoff et al. 2006
Apocynaceae / Cynanchum harlingii / 83.90 / 16.10 / DIP / C / T / Wolff et al. 2008
Apocynaceae / Ditassa anderssonii / 100.00 / 0.00 / GI / C / T / Wolff et al. 2008
Apocynaceae / Ditassa endoleuca / 85.30 / 14.70 / GI / S / T / Wolff et al. 2008
Apocynaceae / Kopsia fruticosa / 24.00 / 76.00 / - / S / T / Freeman et al. 1991
Apocynaceae / Kopsia griffithii / 73.00 / 27.00 / - / Ss / T / Freeman et al. 1991
Apocynaceae / Macrosiphonia petrea / 84.90 / 15.10 / LEP / C / St / Galetto and Bernardello 2003
Apocynaceae / Mandevilla hirsuta / 70.00 / 30.00 / HUM / C / T / Stiles and Freeman 1993
Apocynaceae / Mandevilla laxa / 85.50 / 14.50 / HUM / C / St / Galetto and Bernardello 2003
Apocynaceae / Mandevilla pentlandiana / 66.70 / 33.30 / HYM / C / St / Galetto and Bernardello 2003
Apocynaceae / Morrenia brachystephana / 79.80 / 20.20 / HYM / C / St / Galetto and Bernardello 2003
Apocynaceae / Orthosia ellemannii / 100.00 / 0.00 / DIP / C / T / Wolff et al. 2008
Apocynaceae / Oxypetalum arnottianum / 48.90 / 51.10 / - / C / St / Galetto and Bernardello 2003
Apocynaceae / Oxypetalum spp. / 94.70 / 5.30 / GI / C / T / Wolff et al. 2008
Apocynaceae / Philibertia gilliesii / 3.10 / 96.90 / GI / C / St / Galetto and Bernardello 2003
Apocynaceae / Scyphostelma spp. / 80.93 / 19.07 / DIP / S / T / Wolff et al. 2008
Asparagaceae / Agave havardiana / 2.10 / 97.90 / GV / H / St / Reid et al. 1985
Asparagaceae / Agave neomexicana / 0.32 / 99.68 / BAT / H / St / Reid et al. 1985
Asparagaceae / Asparagus acutifolius / 0.45 / 99.55 / GI / H / St / Petanidou et al. 2006
Asparagaceae / Muscari commutatum / 1.65 / 98.35 / GI / H / St / Petanidou et al. 2006
Asparagaceae / Muscari neglectum / 0.79 / 99.21 / GI / H / St / Petanidou et al. 2006
Asparagaceae / Ornithogalum exscapum / 2.04 / 97.96 / GI / H / St / Petanidou et al. 2006
Asparagaceae / Scilla autumnalis / 0.00 / 100.00 / GI / H / St / Petanidou et al. 2006
Asparagaceae / Urginea maritima / 0.00 / 100.00 / GI / H / St / Petanidou et al. 2006
Asteraceae / Acanthospermum hispidum / 12.91 / 87.09 / - / H / St / Torres and Galetto 2002
Asteraceae / Acmella decumbens-offinis / 89.43 / 10.57 / GI / H / St / Torres and Galetto 2002
Asteraceae / Adenostemma platyphyllum / 46.50 / 53.50 / HYM / H / T / Bernardello et al. 1994
Asteraceae / Angelphytum aspilioides / 22.55 / 77.45 / GI / S / St / Torres and Galetto 2002
Asteraceae / Bidens andicola-decampasita † / 4.07 / 95.93 / - / S / St / Torres and Galetto 2002
Asteraceae / Bidens laevis / 35.69 / 64.32 / HYM / S / St / Torres and Galetto 2002