Chapter 22 Test Review
Section 1
Three reasons Democrats lost power after the war
- Americans unhappy with results of WWI treaty
- economy in a recession
- Labor disputes/worker strikes
- racial violence and Red Scare
Warren G. Harding’s Presidency: (Policies, Slogan, major events, etc.)
Slogan – “Return to Normalcy”
Believe businesses should be supported
Teapot Dome Scandal
Died of a heart attack in office
Teapot Dome: (What was it? Who was involved?)
Albert Fall/Secretary – secretly sold oil rights on govt. land to oil man.
First Cabinet member to be removed from office.
Calvin Coolidge: (Who was he? How did he become president?)
Became President after Harding died. Restored public’s faith in government
Disarmament - reduction or limitation of arms
Kellogg Briand Pact – Condemned military action/ outlawed war; not effective because there was no punishment
Red Scare: (What was this? Who would have been targeted? What impact did it have?)
Fear of Communism and foreigners. Many were hunted down and arrested or deported from the country.
Sacco & Vanzetti: (Who were these men? Why is their trial significant?)
2 Italian immigrants – accused of robbery and murder; evidence against them was weak but they were convicted anyway. Found guilty and hung. Only crime may have been that they were for foreigners and anarchists.
Immigration: (How did communism effect immigration policies?)
Limited immigration from Eastern and southern Europe; Prohibited immigrants from Asia
No restrictions on Mexico or Canada
Section 2
Prohibition: (Amendment?)
18th Amendment – Ban on Alcohol
This lead to a rise in crime.
Flaws: (Speakeasies, Bootleggers, Organized Crime)
Speakeasies – illegal taverns that served liquor
Bootleggers – liquor smugglers
Organized Crime – rise of gangsters; made money from bootlegging
Women: (Changes in the 1920s, Gains? Restrictions?)
19th amendment – gave women the right to vote. 1st election they voted in was the presidential election of 1920. More worked outside the home.
Flappers – symbol of women in the 1920’s.
Restrictions - Women still barred from medical schools; could not serve on juries or keep their own earnings
The Scopes Trial: (What was it about? Who was involved?)
Involved John Scopes – teacher who taught the theory of evolution; was arrested. Lawyers at trial: William Jennings Bryan and Clarence Darrow. Scopes lost – said evolution could not be taught – wasn’t enforced
Mass Culture – Automobiles
Henry Ford
- Assembly Line allowed cars to be made faster and cheaper. More Americans could afford cars.
How did automobiles changed America?
- Became a symbol of the 1920’s
- Symbol of freedom and independence
- Created new businesses such as restaurants, gas stations
- Affected Society – – changed the way we lived – made it easier for families to move to suburbs; more tourism;
Radios: (What was its impact on America?)
Sources of entertainment and news – listened to baseball games; soap operas, music
Movies:
Provided escape from everyday life. First ones were silent. Jazz Singer – first movie with sound – 1927.
Marcus Garvey: (Who was he? What did he do?)
Created the Universal Negro Improvement Association. Promoted black pride and unity. Encouraged blacks to move back to Africa.
Section 3:
Charles Lindbergh: (Who was he? What did he do?)
First American Pilot to fly non-stop across the Atlantic. American hero.
Jazz: (What was it? Where did it come from? Who was famous for it?)
New form of music. Older generation did not like it. Combined rhythms from West Africa and the Caribbean with work chants and spiritual from rural South and the harmonies of Europe.
Louis Armstrong, Bessie Smith; Duke Ellington
Literature: (Who were some of the Authors? What did they write?)
F. Scott Fitzgerald – The Great Gatsby ; Wrote about life as it was.
Ernest Hemingway – Farewell to Arms
Harlem Renaissance: (What was it? Who is associated with it?)
African-American culture –started in Harlem/New York. Recognition of contributions of African American writers and artists.
Langston Hughes – poetry
James Weldon Johnson – combined poetry and politics, one organizer of NAACP
Zora Neale Hurston - novels
Section 4:
Installment Buying: Buying on credit; lead to reckless spending
Stock Market: buying stocks which are shares of companies
Bull Market: rising stock prices
Buying on Margin: borrowing money in order to buy stock
Farmers: (What were some of the troubles farmers faced?)
Overfarmed land; grew too many crops which lead to a surplus – no one to buy products
Also borrowed money, but later couldn’t pay it back; lost their farms
Drought and over- farming led to soil erosion – couldn’t grow crops
Election of 1928: (What was it about? Who were the nominees?)
Winner: Herbert Hoover – Republican – pledged to win over poverty
Albert Smith – Democrat/first Catholic
Main topics of concern were religion and economy.
Extra Section 2 questions
What was the Great Migration?
African Americans were moving north to the cities.
What groups were targeted by the Klan?
African-Americans, Catholics, Jews and immigrants
What caused the Klan to lose support? (2 reasons)
Several public scandals and general economic prosperity