Cells Study Guide Name: ______
Biology
1. Major ideas of cell theory
1) all living things are made of cells
2) basic unit of structure and function
3) all cells come from other cells
2. What are the parts of a plant and animal cell AND what are the functions of these parts?
ORGANELLE / FUNCTIONCell Wall / gives support and shape in plant cells
Cell Membrane / controls movement in and out of cell
Nuclear Membrane / controls movement in and out of nucleus
Nucleus / controls most of cell’s activities
Chromosomes / carries information that determines traits
Nucleolus / helps make ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum / Rough is studded with ribosomes, allows material to move from cell membrane to nuclear membrane
Ribosomes / where proteins are made
Golgi Bodies / packages materials for cell
Vesicle / Used for transport of materials
Lysosomes / breaks down waste materials for cell
Vacuoles / stores food, water and minerals
Mitochondria / produce and release energy
Chloroplasts / contains chlorophyll, makes food for plant
Centrioles / helps with cell reproduction
CYTOPLASM / makes up most of cell, most of chemical reactions take place here
3. Diffusion – movement of a SUBSTANCE from high concentration to low
4. Osmosis – movement of WATER across cell membrane from large to small
5. Organ – group of tissues working together stomach
6. Organ system – group of organs working together
7. Tissue – group of cells working together
8. Exocytosis – process of a vesicle releasing its contents OUTSIDE the cell
9. Endocytosis - the process of taking material using a vesicle INTO the cell. Cell uses energy for this process
10. Active transport - Cells use energy to transport materials that cannot diffuse across a membrane
11. Hypertonic -solution has more solutes than a cell therefore there is more water in the cell. Water leaves the cell causing the cell to shrivel and die
12. Hypotonic - solution has fewer solutes than a cell therefore there is more water outside the cell. Water enters the cell causing it expand and possibly explode
13. Isotonic - concentrations are equal so equal amounts of water enter and exit the cell so it’s size stays constant.
14. What are the levels of organization of a multicellular organism?
(Use these words and place them in order) Organ, Organism, Tissue, System, Cell
______
15. What is the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
.
PROKARYOTE / BOTH / EUKARYOTENO NUCLEUS / CYTOPLASM / NUCLEUS
PRIMITIVE, (SIMPLE) / CELL MEMBRANE / COMPLEX
NO MEMBRANE-BOUND ORGANELLES / GENETIC MATERIAL (DNA) / MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES
SINGLE CELLED / RIBOSOMES / SINGLE/MULTICELLULAR
BACTERIA / PLANTS/ANIMALS/PROTISTS
FUNGI
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16. Name the main parts of the plasma membrane according to fuild mosaic model
Phospholipid and proteins
17. Function of proteins in plasma membrane
For facilitated diffusion of molecules
18. Structure of phospholipids:
a. Head – hydophillic – bonds with water - polar
b. Tails – hydrophobic – repelled by water - nonpolar