Biotransformation of Major Ginsenosides in Ginsenosidemodel Culture by Lactic Acid Bacteria

Biotransformation of major ginsenosides in ginsenosidemodel culture by lactic acid bacteria

Seong-Eun Park☆, Chang-Su Na☆, Seon-A Yoo, Seung-Ho Seo, Hong-Seok Son*

School of Oriental Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeonnam 520-714, Republic of Korea

☆These authors contributed equally to this work.

Supplemental Material

Table S1. (Supplemental Material)

The biotransformation pathways of PPD- and PPT-type ginsenosides.

Number1) / Microorganism / Pathway / Reference
1 / Aspergillusnigar / Rb1→Rd / Chang, Jo, Kim, & Paik (2014)
2 / Lactobacillus brevis / Rb1→Rd→F2→compound K / Yi, Lee, Yi, Cho, Park, & Kook (2012)
3 / Bifidobacterium sp. / Rb2,Rc→Rd→F2→compound K / Chi, Kim, & Ji (2005)
Lactobacillus delbruecii sp. / Rb2,Rc→Rd→F2→Rh2
Aspergillusnigar / Rb2→compoundO→compoundY→compound K
Rc→compoundMc→compound K
Aspergillususamii / Rb2→compound O→compoundY→compound K
4 / Bifidobacteriumlongum / Re→Rg2 / Choi et al. (2012)
5 / Bacillus sp. / Rc,Rb1,Rb2→Rd / Kim, Kim, & Cha (2007)
Lactococcuslactis
Lactobacillus sakei
Lactobacillus plantarum
Streptococcus pyogenes
Leuconostocgelidum
6 / Cellulosimicrobium sp. / Rb1→Rd→Rg3→Rh2→ppd / Na et al. (2009)
7 / Leuconostoccitreum / Rb1→Rd→F2→compound K / Quan, Piao, Min, Yang, Lee, & Yang (2011)
8 / Environmental DNA / Rb1→Rd / Kim et al. (2007)
9 / Sulfolobusacidocaldarius / Rb1→Rd
compound Y→compound K / Noh & Oh (2009)
10 / Culfolobussolfataricus / Rb1→Rd→F2→compound K
Rb2→Rd→F2→compound K
compound Mc→compound K / Noh, Son, Kim, & Oh (2009)
11 / Sphingomonas / Rb1→Gyp XVII
Rb2→compound O→F2
Rc→compoundMc1→F2
Rd→F2 / Wang et al. (2011)
12 / Bifidobacteriumlongum / Rb2→Rd
Rc→Rd / Lee, Hyun, & Kim (2011)
13 / Actinosynnemamirum / Rb1→Gyp XVII→Gyp LXXV
Rg3→Rh2→ppd
Rd→F2→Rh2→ppd
Rb2→compound O→compound Y
Rc→compound Mc1→compound Mc
Re→Rg2
Rg1→Rh1→ppt / Cui, Kim, & Im (2013)
14 / Lactobacillus brevis / Rd→F2→compound K / Quan et al. (2008)
15 / Thermuscaldophilus / Rb1,Rb2,Rc→Rd / Son, Kim, & Oh (2008)
16 / Microbacteriumesteraromaticum / Rb2→Rd→Rg3 / Quan, Wang, Jin, Wang, Kim, & Yang (2013)
17 / Paecilomycesbainier / Rb1→Rd / Ye et al. (2010)
18 / Paecilomycesbainier / Rb1→Rd→F2→compound K
Rb1→Gyp XVII
Rd→Rg3→Rh2 / Yan, Zhou, Shi, Zhou, Ju, & Feng (2010)
19 / Microbacterium sp. / Rb1→Rd→Rg3 / Cheng, Na, Bang, Kim, & Yang (2008)
20 / Bacteroides sp. / Re→Rg1→F1→ppt
Re→Rg2→Rh1→ppt
Rg1→Rh1 / Bae, Shin, & Kim (2005)
Bifidobacterium sp.
21 / Fusobacterium sp. / Rb1→Rd→F2→compound K
Rb1→Gyp XVII / Park, Bae, Sung, Lee, & Kim (2001)
22 / Aspergillusniger / Rf→Rh1 / Ruan et al. (2009)
23 / Leuconostocmesenteroides / Rb1→Gyp XVII
Rb1→Rd→F2→compound K / Quan et al. (2011)
24 / Flavobacterium johnsoniae / Rb1→Rd
Rb1→Gyp XVII / Hong, Cui, Kim, Jin, Kim, & Im (2012)
25 / Sanguibacterkeddieii / Rb1→GypXVII→GypLXXV→compound K
Rd→F2
Rg3→Rh2→PPD
Rb2→compound O→compound Y
Rc→compoundMc1→compound Mc
Re→Rg2
Rg1→F1 / Kim, Cui, Yoon, Kim, & Im (2012)
26 / Aspergillusniger / Rf→Rh1→ppt / Liu et al. (2010)
27 / Bifidobacterium sp. / Rb2,Rc→Rd→F2→compound K
Rb2,Rc→Rd→F2 / Chi, Lee, You, Park, & Ji (2006)
Lactobacillus delbrueckii / Rb2,Rc →Rd→F2→Rh2
Leuconostocparamesenteroides / Rb2,Rc→Rd→F2→Rh2
28 / Bacteroides sp. / Rc,Rb1,Rb2→Rg3→Rh2→ppd / Bae, Han, Choo, Park, & Kim (2002)
29 / Lactobacillus paralimentarius / Rb1→Gyp XVII→F2→compound K
Rb1→Rd →F2→compound K / Quan, Kim, Li, Choi, & Yang (2013)
30 / Microbacteriumesteraromaticum / Rg1→Rh1
Re→Rg2 / Quan, Min, Sathiyamoorthy, Yang, Kim, & Yang (2012)
31 / Fusariumsubglutinans / Rg1→F1 / Kim, Yoo, Lee, Choi, Kim, & Oh (2011)
32 / Leuconostoc sp. / F2→compound K / Park, Youn, Ji, & Park (2012)
Lactobacillus sp.

1)This is reference number of ginsenoside biotransformation pathways about Fig 1.

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