Faculty of Medicine King Abdul-Aziz University
Medical Microbiology
Study Guide
Table of Contents
Topic / PageWelcome Letter / 3
Lecture & Practical Topics / 4-5
Third Year Courses / 6
Structure of the course / 7
Introduction / 8
Aims & Objectives / 9
Learning Resources / 10
Course Evaluation / 11
Faculty Listing / 12-15
Icons / 16
Topic Outlines / 17
2
Faculty of Medicine King Abdul-Aziz University
Welcome Letter
Dear Student,
Congratulations at successfully completing your second year in the Faculty of Medicine and welcome to the third year and in particular to the Department of Medical Microbiology.
This Microbiology Study Guide is intended as an aid during this course which is taught during the third year in this faculty. It is not intended to be a complete manual of Medical Microbiology but a guide to assist you throughout the course.
In this Study Guide you are provided with a clear description of the expectations, contents, schedules and evaluation procedures used in the course. In addition, you are provided with the essential basic microbiology information which you will be able to refer to through out your career and which you will be able to supplement during the year. This study guide is therefore, intended to be a working document, which can be referred to and built on regularly.
This guide should also help you to communicate with members of the department through out the period of study in this specialty. The course objectives listed here are intended to help you become an independent and life-long learner. This is essential requirement for those hoping to become and continue to be effective and efficient physicians.
We hope you will find your study in this department interesting and would advice you to use this opportunity to learn as much as possible about Medical Microbiology as it is the main opportunity for you to be in close contact with this medical specialty.
You will find members of this department very co-operative and accessible. Please do not hesitate to contact us at any time.
Dr. Asif A. Jiman-Fatani
Chairman, Department of Medical Microbiology
Lectures & Practical Topics
* General Bacteriology :1. Introduction & General Bacteriology 1
2. General Bacteriology 2
3. General Host-Parasite Relationship
4. Genetics & Genetic Engineering 1
5. Genetics & Genetic Engineering 2
* Systematic Bacteriology :
6. Antibiotics & Chemotherapy
7. Staphylococci 1
8. Staphylococci 2
9. Streptococci & Enterococci 1
10. Streptococci & Enterococci 2
11. Streptococci & Enterococci 2
12. Neisseriae 1
13. Neisseriae 2
14. Gram-positive Rods 1 (Non spore formers)
15. Gram-positive Rods 2 (Non spore formers)
16. Gram-positive Rods 3 (spore formers)
17. Gram-positive Rods 4 (spore formers)
18. Mycobacteria 1
19. Mycobacteria 2
20. Gram-negative Rods 1
21. Gram-negative Rods 2
22. Gram-negative Rods 3
23. Parovobacteria
24. Parovobacteria
25. Parvobacteria
26. Spirochaetes 1
27. Spirochaetes 2
28. Chlamydia, Rickettsia & Coxiella
29. Mycoplasma , Actinomyces & Nocardia
Mycology:
30. Mycology 1
31. Mycology 2
* General Virology :
32.General Virology 1
33.General Virology 2
* Systematic Virology :
34 . Non-enveloped (Naked) DNA viruses
35 . Enveloped DNA viruses (Poxviridae )
36 .Enveloped DNA viruses (Herpetoviridae)
37 . Enveloped DNA viruses (Herpetoviridae)2
38.Hepatitis viruses
39.Non-enveloped (Naked) RNA viruses 1
40.Non-enveloped (Naked) RNA viruses 2
41.Enveloped RNA viruse( Orthomyxoviruses)
42.Enveloped RNA viruses (Paramyxoviruses)
43 .Rhabdoviruses and slow virus diseases
44.Arboviruses
45.Retroviruses and Oncogenesis
- Practical Sessions:
1. Sterilisation & Disinfection
2. Microscopic Exam - Bacterial Growth & Metabolism
3. Laboratory Media, Isolation (Culture) & Sensitivity Testing
4. Gram-positive Cocci
5. Gram-positive Cocci
6. Neisseria & Gram-positive Rods (1)
7. Gram-positive Rods (2) & Mycobacteria
8. Gram-negative Rods (1)
9. Gram-negative Rods (2)
10. Parvobacteria
11. Spirochaetes & Mycology
12. Virology
13. Virology
14. Revision
15. Revision / 45 / 15 / No variation
TIMETABLED HOURS:
TEACHING DEPARTMENT: / 4 credit hours = 60 teaching hours
45 Lectures
15 Practicals
Medical Microbiology
Introduction
The Medical Microbiology course has been designed to give third year medical students valuable knowledge concerning the medical relevance of micro-organisms. It is made up of three parts comprising bacteriology, mycology and virology.
The first part includes general and systematic bacteriology. "General Bacteriology" describes the morphology, structure, growth, metabolism and genetics of bacteria. Antibiotics and chemotherapy, sterilisation and disinfection are also discussed. The "Systemic Bacteriology" outlines the characters of micro-organisms which are medically important including modes of transmission and pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of various infections caused by them.
The second part, “Mycology”, describe medically important fungi and fungal diseases in terms of modes of transmission and pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, antifungal treatment, prevention and control.
The third part includes general and systemic virology. “General Virology” describes the morphology, structure, and multiplication cycle of viruses. Antiviral agents are also discussed. The "Systemic Virology" outlines the characters of viruses which are medically important including; modes of transmission and pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of various infections caused by them.
Practical sessions are closely related to the lecture topics to enable students to experience Clinical and Diagnostic Microbiology.
Aims & objectives
At the end of the course the student will be able to :
· Identify the basic structure of different types of micro-organisms with medical relevance, their characters, mode of transmission and pathogenesis of different diseases.
· Describe various methods of sterilization and disinfection.
· Describe the mechanism of action of antimicrobial agents and how micro-organisms develop resistance to them.
· Perform the basic laboratory tests and interpret them .
· Discuss the treatment and prophylaxis for each infectious disease studied.
LEARNING RESOURCES
The following textbooks are recommended for students throughout the course. These texts are available in the College library for reference and all are available in medical book shops locally (Shugery, Medical Book Center, Mars, Khazindar and Jarir).
Title / Author / Publisher / ISBN
Microbiology Medical / Murray / ASM Press / 9781555813710
Microbiology / Harvey / Lippincott / 0781782155
Medical Microbiology / Jawetz / McGraw Hill / 0071412077
Medical Microbiology / Mims / Mosby / 0323035752
· It is the students own responsibility to take notes during the lecture and to make their own lecture notes while referring to standard texts.
· Students are expected to refer to recommended texts for each topic covered since the lecture time may not allow a detailed review into each topic.
· Examination questions are referred to the standard recommended textbooks
COURSE EVALUATION
Students performance will be evaluated by:
Quiz - 10%
Mid-year examination - 40%
Final examination - 60%
(Includes Written exam 40% of total final mark and OSPE 20% of total final work)
Grading is based on the cumulative of all types of evaluation mentioned above. A minimum of 60% of the total mark should be achieved for passing the course. The grades given are:
Excellent , Very good, Good , Satisfactory and Fail.
Students are required to attend all lectures, and practical classes. Attendance is recorded and students who are frequently absent without an official notification will not be allowed to enter the exams.
FACULTY LISTING
A: MALE SECTION
Name / ROOM# / PHONE# / E-MAIL
Dr. Asif A. Jiman-Fatani
Assistant Professor
Chairman
Prof. Nashat A. Ismail
Professor
Prof. Hassan El Banna
Professor
Prof. Soliman M. Al-Ansari
Professor
Dr. Abdullah A. Al Ghamdi
Associate Professor
Dr. Ayman Al-Safi
Assistant Professor
Dr. Jamil Almughales
Assistant Professor
Dr. Mahmoud Yassin
Professor
Mr. Anwar M. Hashim
Demonstrator
(On leave for postgraduate studies)
Mr. Shadi Zakai
Demonstrator
(On leave for postgraduate studies)
Dr. Tariq S.Saleh Ekhmimi Demonstrator
(On leave for postgraduate studies) / 1/776-1/758
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nismail@ kaau.edu.sa
Technical Staff
Male Section
Name / ROOM# / PHONE# / E-MAILMr. Mohammed I. Sheikh
Technician
Mr. Hani Abdallah Yousef
Technician
Mr. Sameer S. Masrahi
Technician / 1/953
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1/852 / 21081
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B: FEMALE SECTION
Name / ROOM# / PHONE# / E-MAILDr. Razina M. Q. Zaman
Associate Professor
Co-ordinator of Female Section
Prof. Mervat M. AbdEl-Hady
Professor
Prof. Mona Omer Mokhtar
Professor
Dr. Eman K. Al Digs
Assistant Professor
Dr. Amal Fathallah
Associate Professor
Dr Maha Allawi
Assistant Professor
Dr. Hind Abdulmaged
Assistant Professor
Dr.Rasha Abou Kamer
Lecturer
Ms. Balgees A. Al Maeena
Lecturer
Ms. Nuha A. Jumaa
Demonstrator
(On leave for postgraduate studies)
Ms. Manal A. Zubair
Demonstrator
Ms. Taghreed Y. Jamal
Demonstrator
Ms. Nouf Helmi
Lecturer
Dr. Azza Alharby
Demonstrator
Dr Noora Daffa
Demonstrator
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24394 /
Amalmakled63@ yahoo.com
Technical Staff
Female Section
Name / ROOM# / PHONE# / E-MAILMs. Salwa Al Goaly
Technician
Ms. Fatma Al Sharif
Technician
Ms. Rana Baghalaf
Technician
Ms. Shaza Al Marzouki
Technician\ Secretary / 1/ 621
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1/510 / 24153/
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Icons
(standards)
The following icons have been used to help you identify the various experiences you will be exposed to.
Learning objectives
Content of the lecture
Independent learning from textbooks
Self- Assessment (the answer to self-assessment exercises will be discussed in tutorial sessions)
The main concepts
Topic Outlines
Department: Medical Microbiology
Lecturer:
At the end of the lecture you should be able to:
1) Recognise the role of Microbiology in Disease.
2) Differentiate between prokaryotes & eukaryotes.
3) Describe bacterial cell structures their functions.
4) Differentiate between Gram-positive & Gram-negative bacteria.
5) Describe the general types of bacterial morphology.
6) Discuss bacterial spores and their formation
7) Describe bacterial growth requirements.
8) Describe the bacterial growth cycle.
Microbiology involves a study of bacteria and viruses. Bacteria and viruses differ in their characteristics and differ from eukaryotic cells. Diagram of bacterial cell structure shows the organelles and their functions. Cell wall structure of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria shows the difference between these two main groups of bacteria. Bacterial cell morphology is used in classification of bacterial groups. Endospores are produced in bacterial when unfavourable condition. are encountered. Several steps occur during spore formation. Bacteria are divided into different groups according to their oxygen requirement, nutritional requirement and optimal growth temperatures. A one-step growth curve shows the stages in bacterial growth.
Bacterial cells have essential and non-essential cell structures. Some components act as
virulence factors for the bacteria. Differences in Gram positive & Gram negative bacteria are based on the cell wall structure . Bactria produce spores in order to survive poor environmental conditions.
· Microbiology by Harvey, Champe and Fisher. Second Edition (2007). Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
· Jawetz, Melnick & Adelbergs Medical Microbiology.
Self-assessment
Briefly answer the following short questions:
Short Questions.
MCQ :
1) Flagella is :
a-Not antigenic
b- A type of pilus.
c- An organ of motility.
d- Found in Gram negative bacteria only.
2-Gram-negative bacterial cell is characterised by:
a-
b-
c-
d-
3-Enumerate essential structures of the bacterial cell and give one function of each one.
(Insert here handouts and additional pages for notes if needed)
Lecture 3 : Host-Parasite Relationships
Department: Medical Microbiology
Lecturer: Teaching Staff
At the end of the lecture you should be able to:
1. Define the following terms:
Pathogen , Commensal , opportunist , Saprophyte , Parasite , Normal flora , Virulence , Infection .
2. Describe the host parasite relationship .
3. Know the normal flora of the human body, the areas colonized, their importance, and the potential for infection.
4. Know the methods employed by micro-organisms to produce infection.
5. Understand infection as a biological process comprising a series of stages.
6. Mention the normal (non-specific) defence mechanism in the host.
· The reason why some organisms can peacefully coexist with humans while others go on to produce disease lies in the nature of the interaction between microbe and host.
· Much is learnt in recent years about mechanisms of microbial disease, especially at a molecular level.
· Knowledge of these process is necessary to understand how to diagnose, treat, and prevent infection effectively.
· Pathogenic bacteria produce a variety of virulence factors.
· Differentiate between bacterial endotoxins & exotoxins (with some examples) / Student Notes: .
(Insert here handouts and additional pages for notes if needed)
Continue … Lecture 3 : Host-Parasite Relationships
Microbiology by Harvey, Champe and Fisher , Second Edition (2007). Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
In the computer cluster also you have the opportunity to see some useful web sites about the infectious diseases. We would recommend you to use the key word – Infection – in the search engine google (www.google.com). Don’t read any details at this stage. Later in the course, we will direct you to specific useful sites.
Other websites:
· http://www.kcom.edu/faculty/chamberlain
Self-assessment
MCQ:
The predominant bacterial species that colonizes the human skin is:
A. Lactobacillus
B. Streptococcus pneumoniae
C. Staphylococcus epidermidis
D. Bacteroides fragilis / Student Notes: .
Lectures 4 & 5 : Genetics & Genetic Engineering
Department: Medical Microbiology
Lecturer:
At the end of the lecture you should be able to:
Discuss: 1) bacterial chromosomal structure and its function.
2) Types of bacterial genetic materials (chromosomal and extra-chromosomal )
3) Types of Bacterial variation (Phenotypic and genotypic).
4) Types of mutations and mechanism of each one.
5) Describe the structure, life cycle(s) and uses of bacteriophages.
6) Methods and importance of gene transfer.
7) Discuss the process and tools of genetic engineering and its applications.