1. Personality Exam Answers

5. William was weaned very early from the breast. According to Freud, that might explain why William grew up to be

a perfectionist.
an optimist.
independent.
passive. / Correct

6. No answer submitted

7. Toilet training is the focus of which psychosexual stage of development?

The anal stage / Correct
The genital stage
The oral stage
The phallic stage

8. No answer submitted

9. Edward is experiencing the Oedipus complex. He is, therefore, at which psychosexual stage of development?

The genital stage
The anal stage
The oral stage
The phallic stage / Correct

10. No answer submitted

11. The collective unconscious is part of whose theory of personality?

Alfred Adler's
Sigmund Freud's
Karen Horney's
Carl Jung's / Correct

12. No answer submitted

13. Which theorist proposed that children who experience faulty parenting develop basic anxiety?

Alfred Adler
Sigmund Freud
Karen Horney / Correct
Carl Jung

14. No answer submitted

15. Abraham Maslow believed that the personality is shaped by

rewards and punishments.
reciprocal determinism.
the drive for superiority.
the drive toward self-actualization. / Correct

16. No answer submitted

17. Dave is a self-centered guy who expects that his instinctual needs will be satisfied immediately, regardless of the needs of others around him. A Freudian psychologist would therefore say that Dave has a weak

id.
ego. / Correct
superego.
unconscious.

18. No answer submitted

19. The ______operates on the pleasure principle, whereas the ______operates on the reality principle.

ego; id
ego; superego
id; ego / Correct
superego; id

20. No answer submitted

21. In Freud's theory, the part of the personality that is formed from the internalization of parental and societal values is the

ego.
id.
superego. / Correct
unconscious.

22. No answer submitted

23. Whenever the thought of committing an immoral act occurs to him, Errol attributes the unacceptable impulse to his older brother. Errol is using the defense mechanism of

compensation.
denial.
displacement.
projection. / Correct

24. No answer submitted

25. Caroline rationalizes all her mistakes. In other words, she

attempts to find reasonable explanations for them. / Correct
attributes them to other people.
discounts their existence.
pushes them out of conscious awareness.

26. No answer submitted

27. Which of the following characteristics are associated with an oral fixation?

Childish dependence, gossiping, and smoking / Correct
Cleanliness, impulsiveness, and excessive concern with control
Lack of a clear identity, difficulty with authority, and aggression
Miserliness, stubbornness, and extreme fussiness

28. No answer submitted

29. As a child Bruce always felt guilty about the gory fantasies that he enjoyed dreaming up. When he grew up, he was able to become a successful writer of horror books. Taking unacceptable thoughts and converting them into a socially acceptable form of expression describes the defense mechanism of

displacement.
projection.
rationalization.
sublimation. / Correct

30. No answer submitted

31. Sexual feelings remain dormant as the person focuses on getting along with others of the same gender during the

anal stage.
genital stage.
latency period. / Correct
phallic stage.

32. No answer submitted

33. Marina is at the age when, according to Freud, girls experience the Electra complex. Accordingly, how is Marina expected to behave with regards to her father?

She should be envious of him.
She should feel hostility toward him.
She should identify with him.
She should harbor sexual feelings for him. / Correct

34. No answer submitted

35. One shortcoming of Freud's theory is that

he placed too much emphasis on the psychosexual development of women.
it is based on an unrepresentative sample. / Correct
human behavior is based more on instinct than Freud believed.
unconscious aspects of the personality have no effect on behavior.

36. No answer submitted

37. "Professor Vitoux was acting like a jerk today!" said Tiffany. "Yes, he was," agreed Melissa, "but many students have been coming to class unprepared, and that must be frustrating." "If he keeps acting that way," adds Tiffany, "I doubt if anyone will prepare for his class!" By suggesting that the situation in class results from the interaction of thoughts, behaviors, and the environment, this conversation is most consistent with what Bandura called

reciprocal determinism. / Correct
person variables.
learned patterns of thought.
conditions of worth.

38. No answer submitted

39. Compared to Manuel, his pen-pal, who comes from a traditional Filipino (collectivist) culture, Andrew, an American, is more likely to

publicly disagree with his older brother when he believes his brother is wrong. / Correct
avoid fighting with others.
respect authority.
cooperate with others.

40. No answer submitted

41. What is the MMPI-2 used for?

To assess the "big five" personality traits
To compare a person's self-assessment with an assessment by a close acquaintance of the person
To diagnose psychological disorders / Correct
To measure personality traits in normal populations

42. No answer submitted

43. Sophie's therapist told her that he was going to measure her needs using a projective test. He showed her ten ambiguous pictures and asked her to tell him what was happening to the people in them. Which test was Sophie taking?

The MMPI
The NEO-PI-R
The Rorschach
The TAT / Correct

1. Which of the following is a message that might be sent by the id?

"I'm thirsty and I want that drink now!" / Correct
"I want play with his toy, so I'll offer to trade him mine."
"It's not safe to play with matches."
"I should give that old woman a hand or she might fall."

2. No answer submitted

3. The role of the ego in intrapsychic conflict is analogous to that of a

company boss who refuses to meet the demand for a raise in workers' salaries.
judge who rules that a union strike would be illegal.
mediator who tries to appease both sides in a labor dispute. / Correct
union leader who calls for an immediate, huge pay raise.

4. No answer submitted

5. Norm, Cliff, and Frazier go into a bar. They notice that Coach, the bartender, is nowhere to be seen. Norm says, "I'm thirsty, and I want a drink now!" Cliff looks around and adds, "I don't think we'll get caught if we serve ourselves." "Stop right there!" commands Frazier, "It is wrong to steal!" Whose behavior is most consistent with Freud's notion of the superego?

Norm's
Cliff's
Frazier's / Correct
Coach's

6. No answer submitted

7. Daphne is unconsciously attracted to her instructor, a feeling she would consider immoral and unacceptable. When she talks with her instructor, she acts rather rude and disrespectful. She has told her friends that she hates the class because she cannot stand the instructor. Daphne is using the defense mechanism known as

sublimation.
intellectualization.
reaction formation. / Correct
projection.

8. No answer submitted

9. Felix lives a highly structured life. He is excessively organized and tidy. His roommate, Oscar, is disorganized and sloppy. Freud would say that both Felix and Oscar have which type of fixation?

Oral
Anal / Correct
Phallic
Genital

10. No answer submitted

11. Ever since he was a little boy, violence and gore have always fascinated Jack. At the same time, he felt that it was wrong to be interested in such horrible things. As a teenager, he used to draw bloody murder scenes in his notebooks. He knew that the drawings would upset his parents, so he only shared them with his peers. When he became an adult, Jack went into the business of drawing violent action comic books. What defense mechanism did Jack use?

Denial
Rationalization
Projection
Sublimation / Correct

12. No answer submitted

13. At their first group therapy session, Dr. Eng suspected that one of his patients was using the defense mechanism of projection, when

Howard said, "I can't remember ever mistreating my wife even though the judge found me guilty."
Phoebe said, "I don't really know why I started going to therapy. My sister is the one who needs help. She is a nymphomaniac." / Correct
Ross said, "When I was a kid, everyone hated me for being a bully, but now that I'm a boxer, I get a lot of respect."
Sheila said, "It's perfectly alright to steal from large supermarket chains. They should be punished for taking advantage of small farmers."

14. No answer submitted

15. Leonard says to his mother: "When I grow up, I'll marry you and we'll move into my room. Daddy can get another wife and go someplace else." In Freud's theory, Leonard would be behaving normally for a boy in the ______stage.

anal
genital
latency
phallic / Correct

16. No answer submitted

17. Big Bird asks Ernie to describe his roommate, Bert. "In general, he's friendly, fun-loving, and sensitive," says Ernie. Allport would say that Ernie has described which of Bert's traits?

Central / Correct
Secondary
Unconscious
Learned

18. No answer submitted

19. Six-year-old Wally is an awkward, accident-prone kid, friendly and outgoing, a so-so athlete, and a coward when it comes to vaccinations. The phrase that describes Wally's secondary trait(s) is

'a coward when it comes to vaccinations.' / Correct
'a so-so athlete.'
'an awkward, accident-prone kid.'
'friendly and outgoing.'

20. No answer submitted

21. Peter is out with friends. He talks a lot and is very expressive. He often buys drinks for his friends and has no problem talking with strangers. With which of the "big five" personality traits is Peter's behavior most consistent?

Conscientiousness
Extraversion / Correct
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

22. No answer submitted

23. Heidi is an eight-year-old girl whose mother describes her as "empathic, shy, serious, into reading and computer games, laid-back, relaxed and a girl who has never had a temper tantrum." Eysenck would have described Heidi as an

extravert, who is high in neuroticism and high in psychoticism.
introvert, who is high in neuroticism and low in psychoticism.
extravert, who is low in neuroticism and low in psychoticism.
introvert, who is low in neuroticism and low in psychoticism. / Correct

24. No answer submitted

25. In psychology class, Britt took a test based on Rotter's locus of control theory and scored high as an external. Accordingly, that afternoon, when she failed a French test, she most likely said,

"I didn't get enough sleep last night; that's why I failed."
"If only I wasn't sick for the last class, I would have done a lot better."
"I was not well prepared for that test."
"That was really an unfair test." / Correct

26. No answer submitted

27. In Japan, a collectivist country, a father gives his son a placard to hang on his bedroom wall. The motto on it is most likely to say which of the following:

"Assert yourself."
"Be a Team Player." / Correct
"I am the greatest."
"March to a different drummer."

28. No answer submitted

29. Dr. Escobedo has developed her own personality test. It consists of several ambiguous pictures of rural life. She shows the pictures to clients and asks them to tell her a story about each one. She hopes that the test will uncover some of the unconscious problems of her clients. Which type of test has Dr. Escobedo developed?

Projective / Correct
Cognitive-behaviorist
Objective
Humanist

30. No answer submitted

31. Jack, a recovering alcoholic, was asked by his secretary if he could attend a board meeting at 7:00 that evening. "I can't," said Jack. "I have an appointment with my drink, I mean shrink, tonight." The above is an example of

a Freudian slip. / Correct
interactionism.
a self-regulatory plan.
a stimulus pull.

32. No answer submitted

33. Every time Ellen saw an attractive woman, she felt sexual stirrings. For many years, instead of acknowledging that she might be a lesbian, she told herself that every woman felt that way and she continued to date men. Ellen was using which defense mechanism?

Denial / Correct
Displacement
Projection
Regression

34. No answer submitted

35. Which of the following reflects an oral fixation:

Being obsessed with cleanliness
Being obsessed with food / Correct
Being obsessed with power
Being obsessed with sex

36. No answer submitted

37. After having been made fun of as a child because he had a lisp, Phil, not only overcame his handicap, but he also managed to get a high paying job doing voiceovers for television commercials. Alfred Adler would explain Phil's remarkable turnaround in terms of

an oral fixation.
sublimation.
subjective value.
striving for superiority. / Correct