AP Biology

Ch 6-7 Review Topics

You will need to be able to analyze and organize data. Be able to recognize vocabulary terms throughout the chapters. Formulas will be provided, please review how to use them. When answering questions first determine what you know then what it’s asking, and finally which answer fits best! Above all relax, study the appropriate amount of time and just do you best. 

Chapter 6

Review the types of Microscopes

  • Light
  • Scanning Electron
  • Transmission Electron

Review Research Methods

  • Cell Fractionation
  • Staining Techniques

Compare and contrast Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

  • Endosymbiont Theory

Why are cell so small?

  • Be able to find surface area to volume ratio
  • Be able to find extent of diffusion
  • Be able to explain what happens to the extent of diffusion when surface area to volume increase/decreases

Be able to identify and determine the functions of the structures and organelles in Eukaryotic cells (pg. 102-120; summarized on pgs. 100-101 and 122)

  • Differentiate between plant and animal cells

Chapter 7

Selective Permeability of the Cell Membrane

The Fluid Mosaic Model

  • Amphipathic phospholipids
  • Various Proteins
  • Why does a membrane need to be fluid?

Roles of the following in the structure of the cell membrane

  • Saturated fatty acids
  • Unsaturated fatty acids
  • Cholesterol

Membrane Proteins and their structure

  • Integral
  • Peripheral

Identify the role of the following membrane functions

  • Transport
  • Enzymatic Activity
  • Signal Transduction
  • Cell-cell recognition
  • Intercellular Joining
  • Attachment to the cytoskeleton and ECM

Cell-cell recognition

  • Glycoproteins
  • Glycolipids

Connection to Chapter 6: Review how membranes are synthesized

Review the types of molecules that can pass freely through the membrane and those molecules that require protein channels or carrier proteins. (ions, glucose, water, CO2, etc)

Passive Transport (concentration gradient)

  • Simple Diffusion
  • Osmosis
  • Facilitated Diffusion

Water Balance and Tonicity

  • Hypertonic
  • Hypotonic
  • Isotonic
  • How does tonicity vary in cell with and without a cell wall

(Review terms: osmoregulation, turgid, flaccid, plasmolysis)

Be able to calculate Water and Solute Potential and determine the direction in which water will move.

Active transport

  • Sodium Potassium Pumps
  • Proton Pumps
  • Cotransport (How is ATP indirectly involved)

Membrane Potential (electrochemical gradient)

  • Two factors that influence mem. potential: Chemical and Electrical

Bulk Transport

  • Exocytosis
  • Endocytosis
  • Phagocytosis
  • Pinocytosis
  • Receptor-mediated endocytosis
  • Ligands
  • LDL