Nuclear Name: ______
Review Period: 1 2 3 4 5
Isotopes:
1) In the symbolic notation to the right…
- What is the atomic number?
- What does the atomic number represent?
- What is the mass number?
- What does the mass number represent?
2) What is the isotope notation for Carbon-12?
3) How is the atomic mass number (bottom number on the periodic table) determined?
4) What is an isotope?
5) How do isotopes affect the atomic mass number of an atom?
6) Which particle (proton, neutron or electron) affects the stability of an atom?
7) If a normal atom gains or loses a neutron does it become more or less stable?
8) In a normal Neon atom, how many total particles (proton + neutrons) are in the nucleus?
9) In Neon-21, how many total particles (proton + neutrons) are in the nucleus?
10) In Neon-21 what changed, the number of protons or the number of neutrons?
11) Complete the table.
Symbol / Name / Atomic Number / Mass Number / Number of Protons / Number of Neutrons / Stable or Unstable?Po / Polonium -209
Po / Polonium -210
12) For each pair of isotopes, tell which isotope is more stable and why.
(a) Sodium - 23 or Sodium – 22
(b) Cobalt - 58 or Cobalt – 59
(c) Carbon - 12 or Carbon - 11
Radiation:
13) What is radiation?
14) What is background radiation?
15) What are the major sources of background radiation?
16) What is the difference between ionizing and non-ionizing radiation?
17) How can we detect nuclear radiation?
18) What are the units for nuclear radiation?
19) Explain what half-life is.
20) If the half life of Carbon-14 is about 6000 years and you start with 100g.
- How old is something if only 50g remains?
- How old is something if only 25g remains?
21) In the above question, what happened to the other 50g of material?
22) Based on the graph to the right, what is the approximate half-life of Cobalt-60?
23) 20.0 g of a radioactive isotope are present at 1:00 p.m., and 5.0 g remain at 2:00 p.m.
a. How many half-lives have gone by? ______
b. How long is the half-life of the isotope? ______
c. Predict how many grams will be left at 2:30 p.m. ______
24) Other than using half-life to determine ages, what are some other positive uses of nuclear radioactivity?
Radioactivity:
25) What does it mean if something is radioactive?
26) What part of the atom makes it radioactive?
27) What is it about an atom’s nucleus that makes it radioactive?
28) What is nuclear decay?
29) What are the 3 major types of nuclear decay?
30) What is an alpha particle?
31) What happens in the nucleus during beta decay?
32) What is the actual beta particle?
33) What happens in gamma decay?
34) What materials (include minimum thicknesses) stop each of the 3 types of nuclear decay?
Use the following equation for the next 3 questions.
35) What is the mass number before the decay?
36) What is the new element formed? What is its mass number?
37) What type of decay is it?
38)
Give the isotope notation for the new element formed when it undergoes the following decays…
Fission & Fusion:
39) Define Fission
40) Define Fusion
41) Describe the relative sizes of the reactants and products in fission.
42) Describe the relative sizes of reactants and products in fusion.
43) How do we get energy out of fission and fusion? (How does e = mc2, relate to fission and fusion)
44) Based on e = mc2, in a nuclear reaction, does a little bit of mass give us a tiny amount of energy or a huge amount of energy?
45) List in order which produces the least amount of energy to which produces the most amount of energy per amount of mass. Fission, Fusion and Burning Coal?
46) What type of nuclear reaction occurs in a nuclear power plant?
47) Is it a controlled or uncontrolled reaction? If it is controlled, how is it controlled?
48) What type of nuclear reaction occurs in a nuclear bomb?
49) Is it a controlled or uncontrolled reaction? If it is controlled, how is it controlled?
50) What type of nuclear reaction occurs in the Sun?
51) Is it a controlled or uncontrolled reaction? If it is controlled, how is it controlled?