Semester Final Part 1 (Chapters 3-8) Study Guide

Multiple Choice

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. What is the name of the scientists who study the origin and development of man?

A) / anthropologists
B) / archaeologists
C) / economists
D) / sociologists

____ 2. What are items used by ancient peoples, e.g., pottery, weapons, tools, and jewelry, called?

A) / antiques
B) / artifacts
C) / fossils
D) / heirlooms

____ 3. From where do most scientists believe the ancestors of American Indians originated?

A) / Africa
B) / Asia
C) / Europe
D) / South America

____ 4. Which statement best explains the information on the map?

A) / The British Isles were islands.
B) / There is less land in the world today.
C) / There were no glaciers in the United States.
D) / The east coast of the United States has not changed.

____ 5. According to the map, how far south did the people who came to North America via the Bering Strait move?

A) / They moved as far south as Mexico.
B) / They moved as far south as Canada.
C) / They moved as far south as Central America.
D) / They moved as far south as the United States.

____ 6. Which characteristic describes the earliest peoples in North America?

A) / They were nomads.
B) / They were farmers.
C) / They were fishermen.
D) / They were gatherers.

____ 7. What was the most significant consequence of big game hunters following animals?

A) / People began to trade.
B) / People ran out of food.
C) / People found new places to settle.
D) / People moved deeper into North America.

____ 8. Large animals, like the mastodon, may have become extinct for all of the following reasons except

A) / a change in climate.
B) / an extreme drought.
C) / overhunting by early people.
D) / disease brought by European explorers.

____ 9. Which group of people were the first to use the bow and arrow?

A) / Archaic
B) / Early Plains Indians
C) / Paleo
D) / Woodland

____ 10. Why did the Early Plains Indians become nomadic?

A) / They wanted to find a different source of food.
B) / They began trading with several tribes of Indians.
C) / They could not farm because the climate became too dry.
D) / They became trappers and followed animals for their furs.

____ 11. Tribes of American Indians who lived in Oklahoma during the early days of Spanish exploration included all of the following except

A) / Apache.
B) / Cherokee.
C) / Kaw.
D) / Wichita.

____ 12. Why did European countries want to find a shorter route to the Far East?

A) / Goods would be cheaper.
B) / They could make more trips.
C) / The route they used was rough and dangerous.
D) / Sailors did not want to be away from home so long.
Columbus's Journal--1492
(This entry illustrates Columbus's encounter with American Indians)
. . . in order that they would be friendly to us--because I recognized that they were people who would be better freed and converted to our Holy Faith by love than by force--to some of them I gave red caps, and glass beads which they put on their chests, and many other things of small value, in which they took so much pleasure and became so much our friends that it was a marvel. Later they came swimming to the ships’ launches where we were and brought us parrots and cotton thread in balls and javelins and many other things, and they traded them to us for other things which we gave them, such as small glass beads and bells. In sum, they took everything and gave of what they had very willingly. But it seemed to me that they were a people very poor in everything. . . .Their javelins are shafts without iron and some of them have at the end a fish tooth. . . .All of them alike are of good sized stature and carry themselves well. I saw some who had marks of wounds on their bodies and I made signs to them asking what they were; and they showed me how people from other islands nearby came there and tried to take them, and how they defended themselves.

____ 13. According to Columbus’s journal, what product did the Indians give to Columbus?

A) / cotton thread
B) / gold
C) / tobacco
D) / tropical fruit

____ 14. According to his journal, what was Columbus’s plan for the Indians?

A) / He wanted to make them slaves.
B) / He wanted to help them better their lives.
C) / He wanted to convert them to Catholicism.
D) / He wanted to have them lead him to gold and other riches.

____ 15. According to the journal, which statement explains Columbus’s attitude toward the Indians?

A) / He believed they could not be trusted.
B) / He thought they were friendly and peaceful.
C) / He was fearful of them because of their large stature.
D) / He believed they were backward people who could be of no help to him.

____ 16. In his journal, Columbus mentions seeing marks on the bodies of many Indians. What did the marks tell about their life?

A) / The believed in self-mutilation.
B) / They lacked a well-balanced diet.
C) / They engaged in warfare with their neighbors.
D) / They decorated their bodies with paints and dyes.

____ 17. What was the purpose of Columbus’s voyage?

A) / to make an accurate world map
B) / to find sources of gold and silver
C) / to find a route to China and India
D) / to determine if the world was round

____ 18. According to the map, what European explorer made the shortest voyage?

A) / Cabot
B) / Columbus
C) / de Gama
D) / Magellan

____ 19. According to the map, which European explorer made the longest voyage?

A) / Cabot
B) / Columbus
C) / de Gama
D) / Magellan

____ 20. According to the map, which continent did de Gama circle?

A) / Africa
B) / Asia
C) / North America
D) / South America

____ 21. According to the map, what did Cabot, Columbus, de Gama, and Magellan have in common?

A) / None of them became rich and famous.
B) / They all left from Europe on their voyages.
C) / They all experienced hardships on their travels.
D) / None of them found an all-water route to the Far East.

____ 22. Which explorer, who was with Panfilo de Nárvaez, recorded information about the Indians, land, flora, and fauna that he saw in the southwestern United States?

A) / Francisco Coronado
B) / Vasco de Gama
C) / Cabeza de Vaca
D) / Hernando Cortez

____ 23. What Indians did Francisco Coronado find when he reached Quivira?

A) / Apache
B) / Caddo
C) / Pueblo
D) / Wichita

____ 24. Plants native to the New World include all of the following except

A) / beans.
B) / cacao.
C) / oats.
D) / squash.

____ 25. Plants that were brought by Europeans to the New World include all of the following except

A) / coffee.
B) / peanuts.
C) / peaches.
D) / wheat.

____ 26. During the first hundred years of European exploration, what was the main cause of the decline in the number of Indians living in North America?

A) / fighting between various warring tribes
B) / movement of many Indians from North America
C) / diseases brought to the continent by the Europeans
D) / skirmishes and wars between the Indians and the explorers

____ 27. Why did early Europeans come to America?

A) / to obtain tobacco
B) / to civilize Indians
C) / to find gold and silver
D) / to establish settlements

____ 28. Who did Spain support in the French and Indian War?

A) / England
B) / France
C) / Germany
D) / United States

____ 29. Before the French and Indian War, which nation controlled most of the present-day United States?

A) / France
B) / Great Britain
C) / Russia
D) / Spain

____ 30. Which statement best describes territorial changes in North America after 1763?

A) / Great Britain ceded land to Spain.
B) / The French continued to control Quebec.
C) / Spain controlled more land in North America.
D) / Russia expanded its land claims south of present-day Alaska.

____ 31. What land did Spain acquire as a result of its support of the colonies during the American Revolution?

A) / California
B) / Florida
C) / Louisiana
D) / Texas

____ 32. What issue was addressed in the Pinckney Treaty?

A) / the purchase of Louisiana
B) / the use of the Mississippi River
C) / the unfair taxation of the colonists
D) / the creation of Indian reservations

____ 33. Why did Napoleon decide to sell Louisiana to the United States?

A) / The French no longer wanted to settle the area.
B) / The French could not control the Plains Indians.
C) / The French needed money for a war with Great Britain.
D) / The French determined the land included in the Louisiana Purchase was worthless.

____ 34. What was the most important consequence of the Louisiana Purchase?

A) / It provided for the future growth of the United States.
B) / It gave the United States a vast worthless wilderness.
C) / It eliminated the threat of the French west of the Mississippi River.
D) / It gave the United States all the territory that made up the first forty-eight states.

____ 35. According to the map, what river ran the farthest northwest through the Louisiana Purchase?

A) / Arkansas River
B) / Colorado River
C) / Missouri River
D) / Red River

____ 36. According to the map, where does the Ohio River begin?

A) / Missouri
B) / Ohio
C) / Pennsylvania
D) / Virginia

____ 37. According to the map, how many current states made up the United States when Louisiana was purchased?

A) / 13
B) / 15
C) / 16
D) / 18

____ 38. According to the map, what country owned Florida at the time of the Louisiana Purchase?

A) / Great Britain
B) / Mexico
C) / Spain
D) / The United States

____ 39. According to the map, what was the eastern boundary of the Louisiana Purchase?

A) / Appalachian Mountains
B) / Atlantic Ocean
C) / Mississippi River
D) / Ohio River

____ 40. What was the purpose of the Lewis and Clark expedition?

A) / to explore California
B) / to explore the Mississippi River
C) / to explore the Louisiana Purchase
D) / to explore the land between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River

____ 41. What treaty resolved the issues of unclear boundaries in the Louisiana Purchase?

A) / Adams-Onís
B) / Fountainebleu
C) / Ildefonso
D) / Paris

____ 42. What economic activity took place in the Three Forks area?

A) / lumbering
B) / manufacturing
C) / mining
D) / trading
The Cherokee
The Cherokee were the only Iroquoian-speaking member of the Five Tribes, located in the southeastern United States. Their accomplishments as a civilized culture were considerable. They adopted a written constitution as the basis for their government. They established a system of courts for justice and a system of schools to educate their people. One of their leaders, Sequoyah, developed a system of written language symbols, the syllabary. Almost the complete population was literate, or able to read and write that language. The Cherokee published their own newspaper, The Cherokee Phoenix, in English as well as in their native language.
The Cherokee were agricultural people who lived together in large villages of about 30 to 60 homes. Their homes surrounded a large Council House located in the middle of the village. The Council House was used for religious ceremonies, governmental or council meetings, and general meetings or conferences. The sacred fire of the Cherokee was maintained in the Council House.
The major crops grown by the Cherokee included corn, beans, and squash. Their meats were obtained by hunting. The Cherokee enjoyed a standard of living envied by many of the Europeans settlers.

____ 43. Based on the information in the reading, which major agricultural products were produced by the Cherokee?

A) / squash, beans, and corn
B) / tomatoes, beans, and corn
C) / livestock, corn, and tomatoes
D) / livestock, wild plants, nuts, and berries

____ 44. Based on the information in the reading, what language was spoken by the Cherokee?

A) / English
B) / Iroquoian
C) / Muskhogean
D) / Siouan

____ 45. Which statement explains the Cherokee desire to be a literate society?

A) / The Cherokee lived in large villages.
B) / The Cherokee established a system of courts.
C) / The Cherokee established a system of schools.
D) / The Cherokee based their government on a written constitution.
The Origin of Earth
A Cherokee Myth
The earth is a great island floating in a sea of water, and suspended at each of the four cardinal points by a cord hanging down from the sky vault, which is of solid rock. When the world grows old and worn out, the people will die and the chords will break and let the earth sink down into the ocean, and all will be water again. The Indians are afraid of this....
When the animals and plants were first made--we do not know by whom--they were told to watch and keep awake for seven nights....They tried to do this, and nearly all were awake through the first night, but the next night, several dropped off to sleep, and the third night, others were asleep, and then others, until on the seventh night, of all the animals only the owl, the panther, and one or two more were still awake. To these were given the power to see and go about in the dark, and to make prey of the birds and animals which must sleep at night. Of the trees, only the cedar, the pine, and spruce, the holly and the laurel were awake to the end, and to them it was given to be always green and to be greatest for medicine, but to the others it was said: “Because you have not endured to the end, you shall lose your hair every winter.”
Source: James Mooney, Myths of the Cherokee and Sacred Formulas of the Cherokee (Nashville: Charles and Randy Elder, 1982), pp. 239-240.

____ 46. Based on the Cherokee myth, why are cedars, pines, spruces, hollys, and laurels evergreen?