25.12.2010 / 1
Name of student: scribe:
Time taken:
Instructions:
There are 200 questions in this paper. The duration of the test is 2 hours and 30 minutes
The marks for each question are clearly mentioned.
Attempt all the questions.
Manage your time well. Attempt the paper in any order
The paper contains: English, general knowledge, maths, legal reasoning and logical reasoning.
All the best!
Special instructions to scribes: read the questions slowly and clearly. please take note of the time taken by the student for each section individually.
LEGAL APTITUDE
There are 15 legal reasoning questions. Attempt all of them
Questions 1 to 15 carry 3 marks each
- Principle: Causing nuisance means unreasonable interfering with a person’s rights over his property.
Facts: ‘A’ sets up a condiments store occupying the entire width of a stretch of footpath beside the boundary wall of Gokul Housing Society (GHS). ‘B’, a resident of ‘GHS’, sues ‘A’ for nuisance.
(a)‘A’ is liable for public nuisance
(b)‘A’ is not liable for nuisance
(c)‘A’ is not entitled to carry on a trade of his choice
(d)‘A’ is liable to GHS not B
- Principle: In order for one to establish that there has been an act of negligence, it must be shown by the plaintiff that the defendant owed the plaintiff a legal duty of care.
Facts: X Co. supplies the concentrate of a beverage known as ‘Tropical’ to Y Co. The latter dilutes the concentrate, bottles the same and supplies these bottles to distributors. Z falls ill on consuming a bottle of ‘Tropical’ and it is later discovered that the bottle contains traces of Endosulfan, a toxic chemical. Z plans to sue X Co.
(a)X owed a duty of care to Z
(b)Z ought to have sued Y since Y had control over quality
(c)X and Y are jointly liable to compensate Z
(d)X owes a duty of care to Y not Z
- Principle: The relationship between partners is governed by the deed of the agreement entered into by them in order to establish the partnership firm.
Facts: A, B and C constitute ABC & Co. a partnership firm engaged in the tarde of pulses, spices and edible oils. The partnership deed provide that C alone shall be liable for transactions involving trade of pulses. Mohan sells 100 kg of pulses to A for ABC & Co. and A asks Mohan to recover the amount from C citing the term in the partnership deed.
(a)Mohan can recover the amount only from C.
(b)C is liable to pay Mohan as per the term in the deed.
(c)Mohan is not bound to recover the amount only from C
(d)A is liable to pay Mohan since he bought on behalf of the firm
- Possession of a contraband substance is an offence punishable with imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years.
Facts: Divya and Vidya are in Goa to celebrate New Year. While they are on the way to a beach, a policeman stops Divya and searches her backpack. A small packet of cocaine (a contraband substance) is found in the backpack. Divya was unaware of this packet snd claims that someone else slipped it into her backpack.
(a)Considering she was unaware, Divya deserves leniency in the term of imprisonment
(b)Divya has not committed an offence since she was not aware of the contraband substance
(c)The principle violates Fundamental Right to Equality and hence is inoperative
(d)Divya has committed an offence
- Principle: Master is liable for the acts of his servant done in course of employment.
Facts: Ishan hires Amol as his secretary. As part of his duties, Amol is expected to reply to emails sent to Ishan on his office email ID and he is clearly instructed not to send (other than replies) or forward or delete mails. One day, Ishan receives an email from one Mr. Aswathi inquiring about a certain meeting in the near future.Amol finds the broken English of the email very amusing and forwards the email to his inbox. After office, Amol accesses his inbox from his home computer, adds derogatory comments about Mr. Aswathi to the email and forwards it to a number of his friends. The chain of emails reaches Mr. Aswathi and he sues Ishan for damages for defamation committed by his servant. Ishan’s lawyer takes the defence that the act was done outside the course of employment.
(a)Ishan is not liable since the act was done outside the course of employment
(b)Ishan is liable since this was an act done in course of employment
(c)Ishan had clearly instructed Amol not to forward any emails so he is not liable
(d)Ishan is liable since Amol is his servant
- Principle: Agreements entered into by agents will have the same legal consequences as if the principal in person had entered them into.
Facts: Sultania & Co. (SAC) is a distributor of fiction books and Aitrek is an agent of the firm authorized to procure new contracts for distribution of fiction books. In course of his interaction with one author Atirek learns about the huge untapped market in books for competitive examinations and enters into an agreement with Vidhi Publications (VP) for supply of ten thousand copies of books pertaining to law entrance examinations. Having supplied books to SAC, VP demands price of these books from SAC. The partners of SAC claim that they were dealers only in fiction books and they were willing to return the books but VP is adamant on being paid. The matter reaches court.
(a)SAC is not liable to pay
(b)SAC is liable to pay
(c)Atirek is liable to pay
(d)SAC can recover the amount from Atirek
- Principle: If a person injures someone else while defending himself or his property, then he may be excused if the force used was reasonable
Facts: Zameer is a cotton trader and his go-down is situated opposite his house. One summer night while he is sleeping on the terrace he is awakened by loud noises and when he looks out from the balcony he sees about six men armed with stout sticks, hammers and burning torches standing near the go-down gate while one of them is trying to unlock the main gate of the go-down. Zameer loads his rifle and seeing one of them about to throw a burning torch into the go-down premises, Zameer fires at him and the bullet hits the man on his leg. Seeing this, the other men flee.
(a)Zameer cannot be excused in the circumstances as he did not try to scare them away.
(b)Zameer can be excused since immense danger to the go-down was imminent.
(c)Zameer cannot be excused since the force used by him was unreasonable
(d)Zameer can be excused since he was outnumbered and in the circumstances, his actions were reasonable.
- Principle: When a person does something that causes reasonable apprehension of imminent use of unlawful force in the mind of another person, he is liable for the tort of assault.
Facts: Gaurav accidentally brushes against his classmate Himanshu while they’re leaving for the college football field to watch a football match. Himanshu accosts Gaurav, tells him he would be cut to pieces for his audacity and walks away. Gaurav sues Himanshu for assault.
(a)Law does not take note of such trifles
(b)Himanshu is liable for the tort of assault
(c)Himanshu is not liable for assault
(d)Gaurav is liable for battery
- Principle: A person is entitled to damages for negligence caused by another’s acts. However, if the plaintiff himself has contributed to the injury, the amount of compensation payable will be reduced.
Facts: Vikas is driving his car back to home after dropping his brother at the airport. On the way back, he notices almost no traffic on the road so he starts observing the construction of metro line beside the road. Unfortunately for him, a lorry driving in the wrong direction collides against his car. Vikas could have steered the car away on time and avoided the injury if he was not observing the construction work. He sustains grievous injuries and sues the lorry driver.
(a)The lorry owner and not the driver will be liable
(b)The lorry driver is liable to compensate Vikas since he was clearly negligent
(c)Viaks cannot claim damages from the lorry driver
(d)The amount of damages payable to Vikas will be reduced.
- Principle: If a person brings a potentially dangerous thing on his land, and if such thing escapes and does damage, then such person should be responsible, even if he was not negligent.
Facts: Sudeep, a wildlife scientist maintains a herd of antelopes on a vast tract of land in order to study their behavious. One night, five electricity poles just outside the plot fall on the fence surrounding the plot and a stretch of fencing gives way. Antelopes from the plot of land escape to the nearby field and damage the crops. Framers sue Sudeep for the damage caused to their crops.
(a)Sudeep is liable to compensate the farmers
(b)Sudeep is not negligent so he is not liable to compensate the farmers
(c)Farmers should sue the electricity department and not Sudeep.
(d)Sudeep can recover compensation from the Electricity Department.
- Principles:
(i)If a person commits an act by which death is caused to another person and the act is done with the intention of causing death, that person is liable for murder.
(ii)A person has a right of self defence to the extent of causing death to another provided he apprehends death by the act of the latter
Facts: Shobha went to a hardware shop owned by Amit. Bargaining on some item led to an altercation between the two and Shobha picked up a hammer and hit Amit. Seeing Amit bleeding, his wife Mridula intervened and Shobha hit her also and she became unconscious. Even as Shobha was trying to escape, Amit delivered a severe blow to Shobha’s neck with a sharp object. Shobha died instantly.
(a)Amit is guilty of murder since he struck Shobha with a severe blow even as she was running away and hence it was not an act of self defence.
(b)Amit is not guilty since he committed the act to protect himself and his wife since he apprehended death by the acts of Shobha.
(c)Amit is guilty since he intended to kill Shobha.
(d)Amit is not guilty since he never intended to kill Shobha.
- Principles:
1.Consumable goods that are not fit for consumption are not marketable.
2.A consumer shall not suffer on account of unmarketable goods.
3.A seller is liable for knowingly selling unmarketable goods.
4.A manufacturer shall be liable for the quality of his products.
Facts: Ram bought a Coca Cola bottle from Daya’s shop. Back at home, the server opened the bottle and poured the drink into the glasses of Ram and his friend Shyam. As Shyam started drinking, he felt irritation in his throat. Immediately, Ram and Shyam took the sample to test and found nitric acid in the contents. Coca Cola company manufactured the concentrate which it then supplied to Seven Up and Co. which added water, sugar, etc and bottled the drink and supplied it to the various shops for sale. Ram filed a suit against Daya, Coca Cola Company and the bottler, Seven Up and Co.
(a)Only Ram can obtain compensation from Coca Cola and company
(b)Both Ram and Shyam can obtain compensation from Coca Cola company, Seven Up and Co and the shopkeeper Daya.
(c)Only Shyam can obtain compensation from Coca Cola company, Seven Up and Co and the shopkeeper Daya.
(d)Both Ram and Shyam can obtain compensation from Coca Cola and Seven Up.
- Principles:
- The owner of a land has absolute interest on the property including the contents over and under the property.
- Water flowing below your land is not yours though you can use it.
- Any construction on your land belongs to you.
- All mineral resources below the land belong to the State.
Facts: There is a subterranean water flow under Dinesh’s land surface. Dinesh constructed a huge reservoir and drew all subterranean water to a reservoir. As a result, the wells of all adjacent property owners have gone dry. They demanded that Dinesh must share the reservoir water with them.
(a)Dinesh’s reservoir can be taken over by the government since the water belongs to the State.
(b)Dinesh has to break the reservoir since water cannot be captured by one person for his own personal use.
(c)Dinesh need not break the reservoir since any construction that he has made on the land belongs to him
(d)Dinesh should break the reservoir but his neighbours have to compensate him for the loss that he has sustained from breaking the reservoir.
- Principles:
- Any person who creates disturbance and noise in a National Heritage Site will be liable to pay a fine of up to ten thousand rupees.
- A parent will not be liable for the wrongful acts of his or her child unless he or she himself or herselfnegligently afforded the child the opportunity to commit such act.
Facts: Anu and Vimal took their two year old baby Aishwarya to the Taj Mahal which was declared a National Heritage Site in 1978 by the Indian government. The baby was not given lunch on time and since she was very hungry, she cried constantly for over two hours disturbing the other visitors. The officials at the site seek to impose a fine on Anu and Vimal.
(a)Anu and Vimal will be liable to pay the fine as it was because of their negligence that the baby was crying.
(b)Only Anu is liable since it is solely the mother’s duty to make sure that her baby is well fed.
(c)Anu and Vimal are not liable since parents are not liable for the wrongful acts of their children.
(d)The rule is unfair and violates the principles of natural justice and hence, Anu and Vimal can successfully take this rule to court.
- Principle: Any person who kills another as an act of self defence knowing that his act will, in all probability, cause the death of the other person, will be liable for murder.
Facts: Mano ran towards Vaishnavi with a stick and started beating her. Vaishnavi fell on the ground and the only weapon nearby was a knife. She took the knife and stabbed Mano in the leg. Unknown to Vaishnavi, Mano had a disease called Haempophilia where the smallest of cuts would cause her to bleed to death. Hence, Mano bled to death.
(a)Vaishnavi will be liable for murder since she knew that stabbing Mano may cause her death.
(b)Vaishnavi will not be liable since she has a right to self defence.
(c)Vaishnavi will not be liable since she could not have known that stabbing Mano in the leg would cause her death.
(d)Vaishnavi will be liable since she intended to kill Mano.
LOGICAL REASONING:
There are 40 questions in this section. Attempt all of them
(All questions carry 1 mark)
For questions 16 to 25, two statements are followed by two inferences. Mark the Answer as:
(a)If only inference I follows
(b)If only inference II follows
(c)If both of them follow
(d)If neither of them follows
- Statements: All green are blue
All blue are white.
Conclusions: I. Some blue are green.
II. Some white are green.
- Statements: All cars are tables
Some children are tables
Conclusions: I. Some cars are children.
II. Some children are cars.
- Statement: Some papers are files.
Some files are pens.
Conclusions: I. Some files are not pens.
II. Some pens are papers.
- Statements: Some fools are intelligent
Some intelligent are great.
Conclusions: I. Some fools are great.
II. All great are intelligent.
- Statements: Some nurses are nuns.
Madhu is a nun.
Conclusions: I. Madhu is a nurse.
II. Some nurses are not nuns.
- Statements: All rats are cows.
No cow is white
Conclusions: I. No white is rat
II. No rat is white.
- Statements: Some trees are pens
All pens are erasers
Conclusions: I. All trees are pens
II. Some trees which are pens are erasers.
- Statements: All bags are chalks
All chalks are bottles
Conclusions: I. Some bottles are bags
II. All bags are bottles.
- Statements: Some cubs are tigers.
Some tigers are goats
Conclusions: I. No cub is goat.
II. All cubs are goats.
- Statements: Some pins are pens.
Some pens are pods.
Conclusions: I. No pod is pin.
II. Some Pins are pods.
For questions 26 to 30, complete the series:
- 2, 5, 8, 11, ?
(a)15
(b)14
(c)16
(d)36
- 5, 14, 27, 44, 65, ?
(a)90
(b)115
(c)65
(d)80
- AZ, YB, CX, WD, ?
(a)VE
(b)XE
(c)XF
(d)EV
- AD, EI, JO, PV, ?
(a)WC
(b)XE
(c)YD
(d)WD
- XYQ, ZAR, BCS, DET, ?
(A)FJI
(B)FGU
(C)HGX
(D)GJU
- Pointing to a photograph a woman says, “This man’s son’s sister is my mother-in-law”. How is the woman’s husband related to the man in the photograph?
(a)Grand son
(b)Son
(c)Brother
(d)Brother-in-law
- Pointing to a gentleman, Deepak said, “His only brother is the father of my daughter’s father”. How is the gentleman related to Deepak?
(a)Father
(b)Grand father
(c)Uncle
(d)Son
- Arun drives 10 km straight ahead in east direction and then 10km in the right.Then every time turning to his left he drives 5km,15km and 15km respectively. How far is he from the starting point?
(a)5km north
(b)5km south
(c) 5km north-east
(d) 5km south-east
- Mr. Ajay starts from his house, walked 4 km north then 6 km west then 12 km south. How far away from his home was he then?
(a)8km
(b)20km
(c)10 km
(d)32 km
- Mr. P stands with his face pointing to south-east direction. P walked 25 m and then turned northwards and walked another 15 m. How far was he then from the starting point?
(a)15m