Basic Issues in Strategy
MBA 299 Topics
- Basic issues in strategy
- Where are we now
- Where do we want to be
- How do we get there
- The strategic process
- Strategy as the creating and capturing value
- The candy bar experiment and the importance of market power
- Frameworks for assessing where we are now
- VRIO
- Porter’s 7-forces model
- Application: The Cramer Case
- Game theory
- Prisoners’ dilemma
- Dominant strategies
- Best responses
- Nash equilibrium
- Mixed strategies
- Games in extensive form
- Subgame perfection (backward induction)
- Incredible threats
- Repeated games
- The Bertrand Trap
- Six conditions for the Bertrand Trap
- Examples: air service experiment; electronic components distribution industry
- Fundamental rule of competitive strategy: “Competitive strategy is like driving, not football: Head-on collisions are to be avoided.”
- Escaping the Bertrand Trap
- Via cost advantage
- Via raising consumer search costs
- Via raising consumer switching costs
- Via product differentiation
- Via capacity constraints
- Via recognizing repeated play
- Vulnerability of means of escaping trap to lack of market discipline, emulation, and entry
- Cournot competition (the capacity/quantity game)
- Factors that make tacit collusion difficult
- Means of facilitating tacit collusion
- GE vs. Westinghouse
- Antitrust law and issues
- Barriers to entry
- Entry deterrence
- Via locking up customers
- Via locking up suppliers
- Via making fighting credible (e.g., capacity expansion)
- By signaling toughness (“beer drinking”)
- By establishing a reputation for fighting
- Example: NutraSweet vs. Holland Sweetener Company
- Antitrust issues surrounding
- Issues in vertical relations
- Double marginalization
- Hold-up and bargaining
- Vertical foreclosure
- Downstream free-riding
- Resolving problems in vertical relations
- Lack of double marginalization when one stream competitive (Bertrand); recall Raytheon
- Transfer price = marginal cost (correctly calculated)
- Use of contracts, including option contracts
- Resolving downstream free-riding
- Use of vertical integration
- Problems with vertical integration
- Incentive theory
- Hidden action
- Hidden information
- Lessons from African Communication Group case
- Vulnerability to loss of value creation to suppliers
- Problems facing first mover
- Lessons from the CSG