Science 306 end of Year 08
Short Answer
Use the diagram to answer each question.
Human Body Tissues
Tissue / FunctionA / can shorten, or contract
Nerve / B
Connective / C
D / covers the surfaces of your body, inside and out
1. What type of tissue directs and controls the actions of the type of tissue indicated by A in the table?
2. Identify one place in the body where you would expect to find an example of the type of tissue indicated by D in the table.
Use the diagram to answer each question.
3. Which joints are movable? Which are immovable?
4. Which joint is a pivot joint?
5. What kind of motion does Joint A allow?
6. Which joint provides the greatest range of movement?
Use the diagram to answer each question.
7. Where in the body is muscle type A (cardiac muscle) found?
8. Which type of muscle tissue — A, B, or C — is found in the stomach? What is this type of muscle tissue called?
9. Tell whether each type of muscle tissue is voluntary or involuntary.
10. When you use a pencil for writing, which type of muscle — A, B, or C — moves your fingers?
Use the diagram to answer each question.
11. Identify structures A through G.
12. Give the letters and names of the organs shown in the diagram through which food does NOT travel.
13. What is the name and function of organ A?
14. What is peristalsis? Give the letter(s) of the organ(s) in which it occurs.
Use the diagram to answer each question.
15. Identify organ D and give its function.
16. Identify organ A and give its function.
17. Give the letter and name of the organ through which food is absorbed.
18. Could organ C perform its function without organ B? Explain.
Use the diagram to answer each question.
19. What is the name for the structure labeled A? To where does it carry blood?
20. Identify structure B.
21. Identify structure G. Give the letter and name of the structure into which blood flows after leaving G.
22. What is the structure labeled C? What is its function?
23. Identify the structure labeled D. When blood enters structure D, is the blood low in oxygen or high in oxygen? Explain.
Use the diagram to answer each question.
24. Identify the type of cell shown by A.
25. What is the function of the type of cell indicated by A?
26. What is the function of the type of cell indicated by B? If the body did not have this type of cell, what would probably happen?
27. What blood component is shown by C? In what body process is it important?
28. What component of blood is not indicated by either A, B, or C?
Use the diagram to answer each question.
29. Identify structure A and explain its function.
30. Identify structure E and explain its function.
31. Identify structure C and explain its function.
32. What is structure D? What are the tiny sacs of tissue that make up most of structure D? Describe what happens in these structures.
Use the diagram to answer each question.
33. What is structure A? What is its function?
34. What is urea? In which structure—A, B, C, or D—is it removed from the blood?
35. What is the term for the tiny filtering structures that make up structure A? Describe what happens in each of those structures.
36. Identify a waste substance that is NOT eliminated from the body by the organs shown in the diagram. How is that substance removed from the body?
Use the diagram to answer each question.
37. Identify structure A and describe its function.
38. Identify structures D and F. How are these structures related to each other?
39. Identify structure B. Explain what would happen if this structure were damaged.
40. Identify structure E and describe its function.
41. Identify structure C and describe its function.
42. When images focus in front of structure C, what condition results? How does this condition affect people’s vision?
Use the diagram to answer each question.
Science 306 end of Year 08
Answer Section
SHORT ANSWER
1. nerve tissue
2. Answers will vary. Epithelial tissue covers the surfaces of the body, inside and out, so accept a location such as the skin, the lining of the digestive system, the lining of the blood vessels, and so forth.
3. A through C are movable; D is immovable.
4. B
5. backward and forward
6. C
7. the heart
8. B, smooth muscle
9. A and B are involuntary. C is voluntary.
10. C
11. A, esophagus; B, stomach; C, pancreas; D, rectum; E, small intestine; F, large intestine; G, liver
12. C, pancreas; G, liver
13. A is the esophagus, which carries food from the mouth to the stomach.
14. Peristalsis is involuntary waves of muscle contraction. It occurs in organs A, B, E, and F.
15. Organ D is the gallbladder. It stores the bile produced by the liver and passes the bile through a tube in the small intestine to aid in the digestion of fat particles.
16. A is the liver, which produces bile that helps to break fat down into smaller particles.
17. C, the small intestine
18. B is the pancreas, which produces pancreatic juice. Pancreatic juice contains enzymes that aid in chemical digestion. Without those enzymes, chemical digestion could not be completed, so C, the small intestine, would be unable to absorb small nutrient molecules into the bloodstream.
19. A is the aorta, which carries blood from the heart to the body.
20. Structure B is the left atrium.
21. G is the right ventricle. After leaving G, blood flows into F, the right ventricle.
22. Structure C is the valve that separates the left atrium from the left ventricle. Its function is to prevent blood from flowing backward from the ventricle into the atrium.
23. D is the left ventricle. Blood entering the left ventricle is high in oxygen, because it has just come from the left atrium, which receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs.
24. A is a red blood cell.
25. A, a red blood cell, carries oxygen throughout the body.
26. B is a white blood cell. If the body did not have white blood cells, its ability to fight disease would be weakened.
27. C is a platelet. Platelets are important in the clotting of blood.
28. plasma
29. A is the epiglottis, which closes off the trachea when a person swallows.
30. E is the diaphragm; it contracts and relaxes to change the size of the chest cavity and thus produce breathing.
31. C is the trachea; it provides a passageway for air to flow to the lungs.
32. D is a lung, which is made up of alveoli. Gas exchange takes place in the alveoli. Gas exchange consists of the movement of oxygen from the air into the bloodstream, and the movement of carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the air.
33. A is a kidney, which eliminates urea, excess water, and some other materials.
34. Urea is a poisonous material that comes from the breakdown of proteins. It is removed from the blood in structure A, a kidney.
35. The kidney, structure A, is composed of nephrons. Urine is formed in the nephrons. First, both wastes and needed materials are removed from the blood. Later, much of the useful materials are returned to the blood.
36. Carbon dioxide is not removed by the kidneys or other organs in the excretory system. It leaves the body through the lungs.
37. Structure A is the lens. It focuses light on the retina.
38. D is the iris; F is the pupil. Muscles in the iris control the size of the pupil.
39. If B, the optic nerve, were damaged, nerve impulses from the retina could not travel to the brain. As a result, the person would have impaired vision.
40. E is the cornea; it protects the eye while allowing light to enter.
41. C is the retina; it contains the eye’s light-sensitive cells called rods and cones, which generate nerve impulses that travel to the brain.
42. Images focus in front of C, the retina, in the condition known as nearsightedness. People with nearsightedness can see nearby objects clearly, but they have trouble seeing objects that are distant.