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Proclaim Liberty, Exam 1 – Principles 1-13

  1. All governments can be simply classified into variations of two kinds. Name them. Ruler’s Law and People’s Law
  2. Give the event and the year of when the Anglo-Saxons lost their rights to self-government. Norman Invasion, Battle of Hastings in 1066AD
  3. Name two attempts by the Saxons to recover their rights. Magna Carta, Petition of Rights, English Bill of Rights
  4. What did the Founders learn from the Jamestown and Plymouth experiments? That communal living and leveling do not work and that private property and freedom do work
  5. Who is credited with having written the first constitution in America? Reverend Thomas Hooker
  6. Where did he say he got some of his great ideas for good government? From the Bible
  7. Give two examples of ideas the Founders had which showed they felt America had a great mission. It would grow to cover that whole continent; it would one day have 200 to 300 million freemen
  8. The Founders did not consider themselves a master race but master servants.
  9. John Adams said he always considered the settlement of America as the “opening of a grand scene and design in Providence.”
  10. He felt it would be America’s mission to illuminate the ignorant and emancipate the slavish part of mankind all over the earth.
  11. The most quoted source in all of colonial America was the Bible.
  12. Name the Greek who put forth the idea of a mixed constitution. Polybius
  13. Name the Roman encouraged the people to stay with Natural Law. Cicero
  14. Name the English judge who wrote about the equality of all mankind. Sir Edward Coke
  15. Name the man who inspired the Founders in writing the Declaration and cited the Bible 80 times in his treatise on government. John Locke
  16. Name the Frenchman who advocated a separation of powers in government. Montesquieu
  17. Name the English judge who was considered the authority on English Common Law and whose writings formed the legal bible in America. William Blackstone
  18. Who gave the Founders ideas on free-market economics? Adam Smith
  19. The Founders knew that their system of laws must be few and understandable.
  20. Cicero said “True law is right reason in agreement with nature.”
  21. Give three characteristics of Natural Law. Unchangeable, everlasting, universal, reasonable
  22. Blackstone said human law should be based on the law of nature and the law revelation.
  23. Give an example of a Natural law concept in the Constitution. Separation of powers, checks and balances, right to bear arms, freedom of speech, etc.
  24. Washington said religion and morality are indispensable supports to freedom.
  25. Why did Washington say morality usually cannot exist without religion? Religion gives morality its standards
  26. Franklin said: “Only a virtuous people are capable of freedom.”
  27. When did the real revolution for freedom begin in America? Two or three years before the war started when the people tried to improve virtue in the society
  28. Write the 2nd Principle of Liberty. A free people cannot survive under a republican constitution unless they remain virtuous and morally strong.
  29. Why is political office different from any other occupation? Because it has power over people and their money.
  30. Jefferson said artificial aristocracy is based on birth and wealth.
  31. He said the other, natural aristocracy, is based on virtue and talents.
  32. Which kind did he wish to have occupy public offices? Natural aristoi
  33. Write the 3rd Principle of Liberty. The most promising method of securing a virtuous and morally stable people is to elect virtuous leaders.
  34. What document required the teaching of religion in the public schools? The Northwest Ordinance of 1787
  35. Give the five points of all sound religion, according to Franklin. There is a Creator; He has revealed a moral code; He holds us responsible for the way we treat each other; there is a next life; we will be judged in that life for what we do in this life.
  36. Write the 4th Principle of Liberty. Without religion the government of a free people cannot be maintained.
  37. What philosopher went through the reasoning process to prove there is a God? John Locke
  38. He said a something cannot come from a nothing.
  39. What is a deist? One who believes there is a God who created and set the world in motion, but He has nothing to do with mankind.
  40. Give two examples that show the Founders were not deists. Washington’s telling of the guiding hand of Providence in establishing America, many calls by Congress and the states for days of fasting and prayer which were answered.
  41. Washington said no people can be bound more to acknowledge the hand of Providence than the people of the UnitedStates.
  42. Madison said he felt the “finger of that Almighty hand” in helping them in the Constitutional Convention.
  43. Write the 5th Principle of Liberty. All things were created by God, therefore upon Him all mankind are equally dependent, and to Him they are equally responsible.
  44. Are all men really equal? No They can only be treated equally in three ways. Name them. Before the law, in their rights, before the Creator
  45. Write the 6th Principle of Liberty. All men are created equal.
  46. The only place the right to govern innately exists is with individual persons.
  47. What power does government have? Those powers which are legitimately delegated to government by individuals.
  48. If an individual does not have the authority to do something, then he cannot delegate the power to government to do it.
  49. Taking from the “haves” and giving to the “have-nots” was called leveling by the Founders.
  50. Benjamin Franklin said it was “concurring with the Deity” to take care of the truly poor.
  51. Franklin said it is against the order of God and nature to encourage laziness by giving people welfare.
  52. Sam Adams said they had made leveling and a community of goods unconstitutional.
  53. Write the 7th Principle of Liberty. The proper role of government is to protect equal rights, not provide equal things.
  54. What makes a right unalienable? When it is given to man by the Creator.
  55. What are the three great unalienable rights? Life, liberty, property
  56. Write the 8th Principle of Liberty. Men are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights.
  57. Blackstone said in order to enforce unalienable rights, the Creator has given a code of divine laws.
  58. He said these are to be found in the HolyScriptures.
  59. Give four of these laws. Don’t kill, steal, commit adultery, lie, and covet.
  60. Write the 9th Principle of Liberty. To protect man's rights, God has revealed certain principles of divine law.
  61. The Founders admired the Anglo-Saxons for their concept that the rulers are servants of the people.
  62. Locke said if a person becomes a ruler by some other way than the consent of the people, he has no right to be obeyed.
  63. Write the 10th Principle of Liberty. The God-given right to govern is vested in the sovereign authority of the whole people.
  64. Jefferson said governments should not be changed forlight and transient causes.
  65. Locke said the reason people form a government is for the protection of their property.
  66. When the government leaders begin to take the property of the people, they forfeit the power the people put into their hands.
  67. Locke said the body politic must be governed by the majority and that all agree to submit to the will of the majority.
  68. Therefore in a republic, there is no right of revolt in a minority.
  69. Write the 11th Principle of Liberty. The majority of the people may alter or abolish a government which has become tyrannical.
  70. Madison said democracies have ever been spectacles of turbulence and contention.
  71. Name three elements of a democracy. Requires full participation, people tire of participating, results in dictatorship, may work for a small group
  72. Name three elements of a republic. Business done by freely elected representatives of the people, works for a large region, can continue indefinitely
  73. Write the 12th Principle of Liberty. The United States of America shall be a republic.
  74. According to Hamilton, when are the rights of the people most in danger? When the people have confidence in their rulers
  75. Jefferson said: “Free government is founded in jealousy and not in confidence.
  76. Complete: “In questions of power, then, let no more be said of confidence in men, but bind them down from mischief by the chains of the Constitution.”
  77. Why will the Constitution never be obsolete? Because it deals with something that never changes –Human Nature
  78. Write the 13th Principle of Liberty. A constitution should be structured to permanently protect the people from the human frailties of their rulers.