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Name: ______Date: ______SNC 2D
CHEMISTRY
REVIEW OF GRADE 9 CONCEPTS
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
WHAT IS THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS?
►The Periodic Table of elements classifies elements and groups them according to characteristics such as ______, ______and ______.
►The horizontal rows of the Periodic Table are called ______and there are ____ periods on the Periodic Table
Elements of a period have ______chemical and physicalproperties.
►The verticalcolumns of the Periodic Table are called ______or ______and there are _____ Groups on the Periodic Table
Elements in the same group have the ______number of electrons on the ______orbital/shell
►The existing elements are separated into ____ different categories:
______– Conduct electricity well
______– Do not conduct electricity Insulators
______(also known as SEMI-METALS) – Has properties of both metals and non-metals
Each group has a special name
Group 1 ______ Highly reactive metals
Group 2 ______ Less reactive metals than Group 1
Group 3 – 12 ______Various Metallic properties
Group 17 ______ Highly reactive non-metals
Group 18 ______ Very unreactive gases
And ______A Group 1 element that is gas at room temperature
□Transition Metals
WHAT IS THE ATOM?
Atoms are ______which make up all ______
John Dalton’s ______states:
1. All matter is made up of small particles called ______
2. Atoms can not be ______, ______or ______into smaller particles
3. All atoms of the same element are ______in ______and ______ but they are different in mass and size from atoms of ______elements
4. Compounds are created when atoms of different elements link together in ______proportions
Theories formulated by Bohr and Rutherford are commonly referred to as the ______of the Atom.
Inside the atom, three particles exist:
______Found inside the ______of the atom
Has a charge of _____and
a______mass / ______
Found on the ______or ______surrounding the nucleus
Charge of _____and a
______mass / ______
Found in the ______of the atoms
Charge of 0
Has the ______mass as the ______
DRAWING ATOMS (BOHR-RUTHERFORD DIAGRAMS)
For any atom, we can use information provided by the ______to help us draw ______Diagrams.
The ______(or outer ______ surrounding nucleus) have a ______numberof electrons it can hold
ATOMIC MASS AND ATOMIC NUMBER
EXAMPLEDrawing the Bohr-Rutherford Diagram for Aluminum
Number of protons = ______
Number of electrons = ______
Number of neutrons = ______= ______
1st orbital = _____ electrons
2nd orbital = _____ electrons
3rd orbital = _____ electrons
TOTAL # OF ELECTRONS = ______
SPECIAL CHEMICAL FAMILIES AND IONS
WHAT ARE VALENCE ELECTRONS?
Valence electrons refer to the ‘extra’ electrons on the ______shell of an atom
When valence electrons are present, an atom can ______or ______electrons, depending how many electrons it requires to become ______
WHAT ARE IONS?
All atoms are ______until they ______or ______electrons
Recall that neutral atoms have the ______number of protons and electrons
When an atom gainsan electron, there are ______electrons than protons and a ______ion is created (also known as an ANION)
When an atom loses an electron, there are ______electrons than protons and a ______ion is created (also known as a CATION)
NOBLE GASES (GROUP 18)
Very ______gases. Unreactivity due to ______ outer shell is _____
When the outer shell is full, this is called a ______outer shell has ____electrons on outer shell
only exception is Helium which only has ____electrons on the outer shell
Noble gases can not______or ______electrons_____valence electrons can not become an ion
EXAMPLENeon
# of Protons = _____
# of Electrons = ______
# of Neutrons = ______= ______
HALOGENS (GROUP 17)
Halogens are highly reactive non-metals
All Halogens have ___valence electrons
this means that they are ____electron ______of ______
Since they are short ____electron, they need to ‘steal’ an electron from another atom in order to form a ______
Therefore, all Halogens will ______an electron and will become a ______ion
EXAMPLEFluorine
# of Electrons = ______
# of Protons = ______
# of Neutrons = ______= ______
To form a stable octet, Fluorine needs to ______an electron
# of Electrons after gaining an electron = _____
# of Protons after gaining an electron = ______
Since there are more electrons than protons, a ______ION is created
The symbol for the new Fluorine ion is ______
ALKALI METALS (GROUP 1)
All alkali metals are ______
This high reactivity is evidence of the atom being ______
All alkali metals have _____valence electron
this means that they are _____electron beyond stability
Since they have ____extra electron, they need to donate this electron to another atom to have a ______
Therefore, all Alkali Metals will ______an electron and a ______ion is created
EXAMPLE Sodium
# of Electrons = _____
# of Protons = _____
# of Neutrons = ______= ______
To form a stable octet, Sodium needs to ______an electron
# of Electrons after gaining an electron = _____
# of Protons after gaining an electron = ______
Since there are fewer electrons than protons, a ______ION is created
The symbol for the new Sodium ion is ______
ALKALINE EARTH METALS (GROUP 2)
These metals are ______ but not as reactive as the Alkali Metals
The reactivity is evidence of the atom being ______
All Alkaline Earth Metals have ____valence electrons
this means that they are ____electrons beyond stability
Since they have ____extra electrons, they will need to donate ____electrons to another atom to form a ______
Therefore, all Alkaline Earth Metals will ______electrons and a ______ION is created
EXAMPLEBeryllium
# of Electrons = ______
# of Protons = ______
# of Neutrons = ______= ______
To form a stable octet, Beryllium needs to ______ electrons
# of Electrons after gaining an electron = _____
# of Protons after gaining an electron = ______
Since there are fewer electrons than protons, a ______ION is created
The symbol for the new Beryllium ion is ______