Chapter3: TheNewsMedia’sRoleinSociety
Journalists’Performanceon September11
Trost, Cathy,andAliciaC.ShepardfortheNewseum,Running towardDanger:Stories behindtheBreakingNewsof9/11(Lanham,MD:RowmanLittlefield,2002).
Journalism’sPurposeandGuidingPrinciples
Auletta, Ken, “Whom do journalists work for?,” Red Smith Lecture in Journalism at the University of Notre Dame, Dec. 2005.
Downie, Leonard, Jr., and Robert G. Kaiser, The News about the News: American Journalism in Peril (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2002). The authors discuss journalism’s purpose on p. 6.
Harwood, Kenneth, “Media ethics defined,” Media Ethics Magazine, Fall 2011. The term “media ethics” now is defined in an important new dictionary.
Kovach, Bill, and Tom Rosenstiel, The Elements of Journalism: What Newspeople Should Know and the Public Should Expect, 3rd edn. (New York: Three Rivers Press, 2014). The authors discuss journalism’s purpose on p. 17. The principles of the profession are discussed in subsequent chapters.
Moore, Wilbert E., “Is journalism a profession?” inThe Professions: Roles and Rules (New York: Russell Sage, 1970), 4–22.
“SocialResponsibility” andJournalismintheEarlyandMid-Twentieth Century
Cleghorn, Reese, “Lippmann on the new objective journalism: in 1931 he thought a profession might be born, and then professional schools,” American Journalism Review.
Downie, Leonard, Jr., and Robert G. Kaiser, The News about the News: American Journalism in Peril (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2002). Eugene Meyer’s statement is on p. 13.
Fink, Conrad C., Media Ethics: In the Newsroom and Beyond (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1998).
Fuller, Jack, News Values (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996). Fuller’s use of deception as a young journalist is related on pp. 45-46.
Henry, Neil, American Carnival: Journalism under Siege in an Age of New Media (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007). Henry describes the Tulsa riot on p. 76.
Lifton, Robert J., and Greg Mitchell, Hiroshima in America: Fifty Years of Denial (New York: Putnam, 1995). The William Laurence case is described on pp. 10–22,51–52.
Shatz, David, Chaim I. Waxman, and Nathan J. Diament (eds.), TikkunOlam: Social Responsibility in Jewish Thought and Law (Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson, 1997).
Steiger, Paul E., “Read all about it,” The Wall Street Journal, Dec. 29, 2007. As he neared retirement, the editor Paul E.Steiger commented on his 26 years with The Journal and his 41-year career in journalism.
Tate, Cassandra, “What do ombudsmen do?,” Columbia Journalism Review, May–June 1984(Chadwyck PAO Collection 2). Tate’s article cited “a 1916 issue of American Magazine” for the stories about shipwrecked cats. The reporter’s response was quoted by Kovach and Rosenstiel in The Elements of Journalism on p. 39.
Tifft, Susan E., and Alex S. Jones, The Trust: The Private and Powerful Family behind The New York Times (London: Little, Brown, 1999). Adolph Ochs’ statement of purpose is on p. xix.
TheHutchinsCommissionDefinesJournalisticDuty
CommissiononFreedomofthePress,AFreeandResponsiblePress:AGeneralReportonMassCommunication:Newspapers,Radio,MotionPictures,Magazines,andBooks(Chicago:UniversityofChicagoPress,1947).
Knowlton, Steven K., and Patrick Parsons, The Journalist’s Moral Compass (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1995).
Siebert,FrederickS.,TheodorePeterson,andWilburSchramm,FourTheoriesofthePress(Urbana:UniversityofIllinoisPress,1956).
AnEthicalAwakeningintheProfession:Mid-1970s to Mid-1980s
Gill,GeorgeN., “It’syourmove,publishers,” Quill, Aug. 1973.Access via academic databases.
Nelson, Mark A., “Newspaper ethics code and the NLRB,” Freedom of Information Center Report No. 353, Columbia, MO. Access via academic databases.
Newsweek, “Thefreebiesgame,” Feb.3,1975.Access via news databases.
Quill, “Games newspeople play,” Aug. 1973.Access via academic databases.
Schneider, Karen,andMarcGunther, “Thosenewsroomethicscodes,” ColumbiaJournalismReview,July–Aug. 1985.Access via academic databases.
Shepard,AliciaC., “Toerrishuman,tocorrectdivine,” AmericanJournalismReview,June1998.Journalistsnowrealizethatreadilyacknowledgingmistakescanhelpstrengthencredibility.
Time, “Junketing journalists,” Jan. 28, 1974.Access via news databases.
IndianaUniversitySurveyofJournalists
Willnat, Lars,andDavidH.Weaver,TheAmericanJournalistintheDigitalAge:KeyFindings(Bloomington:SchoolofJournalism,IndianaUniversity,2014).ThefindingscomefromonlineinterviewsconductedAug.7–Dec.20,2013,with1,080USjournalistsworkinginprint,broadcast,andonlinemedia.Chapter3’sstatisticonjournalisteducationisonp.9ofaPDFsummarizingthefindings.