Name: ______Date: ______
Biology Midterm Study Guide
1) What are 3 the differences between a prokaryote and eukaryote? Identify 3 similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Give examples of each cell type.
2) What are 3 differences between plant and animal cell types?
3) Identify the function of:
a. Cell Membrane
b. Vacuole
c. Lysosome
d. Mitochondrion (Mitochondria)
e. Golgi apparatus
f. Endoplasmic Reticulum
g. Chloroplast
h. Ribosome
4) What is pH? Of an acid? Of a base? Neutral?
5) How do enzymes and catalysts work? What is their role in the cell?
6) Enzymes work well under certain conditions (ex. Temperature, pH). Explain.
7) Place the following in correct order: Biosphere, community, organism, ecosystem, tissue, cell
8) List and describe the properties of water including adhesion, cohesion, hydrogen and covalent bonding. Why does ice float?
9) Identify the 4 organic (carbon-based) biological macromolecules. Provide the building blocks (monomers) that make up these 4 macromolecules (polymers).
10) Give examples of each of the 4 types of organic (carbon-based) biological macromolecules. (ex. Carbohydrate: polysaccharide)
11) Describe the sequence that correctly traces the path of protein synthesis-from nucleus to ribosome.
12) Define and Describe: Osmosis, Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion, Active Transport
13) Provide graphic representations of Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion, Active Transport
14) Define homeostasis. Provide 2 examples.
15) Why do cells divide? What is DNA overload? As a cell grows, does it place more or less demands on it’s DNA?
16) What happens to the volume and surface area of a cell as it grows? As a cell becomes larger….
17) Cells getting larger (cell growth) causes a number of problems for cells. What are they? (There are 3)
18) Draw and label a duplicated chromosome. During the cell cycle, when are duplicated chromosomes visible?
19) During cell division, what are daughter cells, and how are they related to the parent cell?
20) In what phase of the cell cycle is a cell’s DNA replicated? (Be specific.)
21) How does the cell cycle compare to cell (nuclear) division?
22) What are the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence? (There are 4) Summarize what happens in each? (You MUST be able to describe the major events in each stage)
23) Identify 2 ways the cell cycle is controlled.
24) What is cancer? What is the relationship between cancer and mitosis?
25) Using the figure:
a. Label the all of the stages of the cell cycle. (A, B, C, D)
b. What is happening (specifically) in stage D?
26) What are cyclins? What is the p53 gene and why is it important?