REFERENCES

Abel, Félix-Marie

1938 Géographie de la Palestine 2. Paris: J. Gabalda.

Aharoni, Yohanan

1979 The Land of the Bible: A Historical Geography, trans. from Heb. and edited by Anson F. Rainey. Philadelphia: Westminster.

Albright, William F.

1924 Ai and Beth-Aven. Pp. 141–49 in Excavations and Results at Tell el-Ful (Gibeah of Saul). The Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research 4, ed. Benjamin W. Bacon. New Haven CT: American Schools of Oriental Research.

1928 A Trial Excavation in the Mound of Bethel. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 29: 9–11.

1933 The Excavations at Tell Beit Mirsim. IA: The Bronze Age Pottery of the Fourth Campaign. Pp. 55–127 in The Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research 13, eds. Millar Burrows and Ephraim A. Speiser. New Haven CT: American Schools of Oriental Research.

1934 The Kyle Memorial Excavation at Bethel. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 56: 2–15.

1939 The Israelite Conquest of Canaan in the Light of Archaeology. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 74: 11–23.

1963 The Biblical Period from Abraham to Ezra. New York: Harper & Row.

1968 The Site of Bethel and Its Identification. Pp. 1–3 in The Excavation of Bethel (1934–1960), by. James L. Kelso. Cambridge MA: American Schools of Oriental Research.

Allen, Leonard

1977 Archaeology of Ai and the Accuracy of Joshua 7:1–8:29. Restoration Quarterly 20: 41–52.

Anderson, Samuel

1871 The Survey of Palestine. Pp. 438–71 in The Recovery of Jerusalem, by Charles Wilson and Charles Warren. London: R. Bentley.

Arnold, Patrick M.

1992a Beth-Aven. P. 682 in The Anchor Bible Dictionary 1, ed. David N. Freedman. New York: Doubleday.

1992b Michmash. Pp. 814–15 in The Anchor Bible Dictionary 4, ed. David N. Freedman. New York: Doubleday.

Bagatti, Bellarmino

2002 Ancient Christian Villages of Samaria, trans. from Ital. by Paul Rotondi. Collectio Minor (Studium Biblicum Franciscanum) 39. Jerusalem: Franciscan.

Ben-Tor, Amnon; Bonfil, Ruhama; Garfinkel, Yosef; et al.

1997 Hazor V: An Account of the Fifth Season of Excavation, 1968. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society.

Bimson, John J., and Livingston, David P.

1987 Redating the Exodus. Biblical Archaeology Review 13.5: 40–53, 66–68.

Biran, Avraham

1994 Biblical Dan. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society/Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion.

Birch, W. F.

1878 Ai. Palestine Exploration Fund Quarterly Statement: 132–33.

Bolen, Todd

1999 The Byzantine Church of Khirbet el-Maqatir. Bible and Spade 12: 91–94.

Boling, Robert G.

1982 Joshua: A New Translation with Notes and Commentary. The Anchor Bible 6. Garden City NY: Doubleday.

Bonfil, Ruchama

1992 MB II Pithoi in Palestine. Eretz-Israel 23: 26–37 (Heb., English summary p. 146*).

Briggs, Peter

2005 Testing the Factuality of the Conquest of Ai Narrative in the Book of Joshua. Pp. 157–96 in Beyond the Jordan, ed. Glenn A. Carnagey Sr. Eugene OR: Wipf & Stock.

Broshi, Magen, and Gophna, Ram

1986 Middle Bronze Age II Palestine: Its Settlements and Population. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 261: 73–90.

Brown, Francis; Driver, Samuel R.; and Briggs, Charles A.

1968 A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. London: Oxford University Press.

Buhl, Frants P. W.

1896 Geographie des alten Palästina. Freiburg im Breisgau: Mohr.

Callaway, Joseph A.

1968 New Evidence on the Conquest of ⊂Ai. Journal of Biblical Literature 87: 312–20.

1969a Ai (et-Tell). Israel Exploration Journal 19: 236–39.

1969b The 1966 ⊂Ai (et-Tell) Excavations. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 196: 2–16.

1970 The 1968–1969 ⊂Ai (Et-Tell) Excavations. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 198: 7–31.

1976 Ai. Pp. 14–16 in The Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible, Supplementary Volume, ed. Keith Crim. Nashville: Abingdon.

1992 Ai. Pp. 125–30 in The Anchor Bible Dictionary 1, ed. David N. Freedman. New York: Doubleday.

1993 Ai. Pp. 39–45 in The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land 1, ed. Ephraim Stern. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society & Carta.

Callaway, Joseph A., and Nicol, Murray B.

1966 A Sounding at Khirbet Haiyan. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 183: 12–19.

Campbell, Edward F., Jr.

1960 The Amarna Letters and the Amarna Period. Biblical Archaeologist 23: 2–22.

Chapman, Rupert L., III

2003 Annotated Index to Eusebius' Onomasticon. Pp. 99–162 in The Onomasticon by Eusebius of Caesarea, by Greville S.P Freeman-Grenville, Rupert L. Chapman III and Joan E. Taylor. Jerusalem: Carta.

Chapman, Rupert L., III, and Taylor, Joan E.

2003 Distances Used by Eusebius and the Identification of Sites. Pp. 175–84 in The Onomasticon by Eusebius of Caesarea, by Greville S.P Freeman-Grenville, Rupert L. Chapman III and Joan E. Taylor. Jerusalem: Carta.

Charlesworth, James H.

2000 The Millennium Guide for Pilgrims to the Holy Land. North Richland Hills TX: Bibal.

Cole, Dan P.

1984 Shechem I: The Middle Bronze IIB Pottery. American Schools of Oriental Research Excavation Reports. Winona Lake IN: Eisenbrauns.

Conder, Claude R.

1878 Tent Work in Palestine 2. New York: D. Appleton.

1881a Lieutenant Conder’s Reports. Palestine Exploration Fund Quarterly Statement: 247–81.

1881b The Mountains of Judah and Ephraim. Pp. 193–238 in Picturesque Palestine, ed. Charles.W. Wilson. New York: D. Appleton. Reprinted in 1976 as The Land of Judea and the Jerusalem Environs, Jerusalem: Ariel.

1881c On Some of the Gains to Biblical Archaeology Due to the New Survey. Palestine Exploration Fund Quarterly Statement: 34–56.

1898 Ai. P. 58 in A Dictionary of the Bible 1, ed. James Hastings. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons.

Conder, Francis R., and Conder, Claude R.

1882 A Handbook to the Bible, third edition. London: Longmans and Green.

Cooley, Robert E.

1997 Ai. Pp. 32–33 in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East 1, ed. Eric M. Meyers. New York: Oxford University Press.

Dalman, Gustaf

1911 Die Ultertumswissenschaft im Institut. Palästinajahrbuch 7: 3–31.

Dever, William G.

1974 The MB IIC Stratification in the Northwest Gate Area at Shechem. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 216: 31–52.

1992 Beitin, Tell. Pp. 651–52 in The Anchor Bible Dictionary 1, ed. David N. Freedman. New York: Doubleday.

1997 Bethel. Pp. 300–301 in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East 1, ed. Eric M. Meyers. New York: Oxford University Press.

Dever, William G.; Lance, H. Darrell; Bullard, Reuben G.; et al.

1974 Gezer II: Report of the 1967–70 Seasons in Fields I and II. Annual of the Hebrew Union College/Nelson Glueck School of Biblical Archaeology. Jerusalem: Hebrew Union College/Nelson Glueck School of Biblical Archaeology.

Dever, William G.; Lance, H. Darrell; and Wright, G. Ernest

1970 Gezer I: Preliminary Report of the 1964–66 Seasons. Annual of the Hebrew Union College Biblical and Archaeological School in Jerusalem. Jerusalem: Hebrew Union College Biblical and Archaeological School.

Dothan, Moshe

1971 Ashdod II-III: The Second and Third Seasons of Excavations 1963, 1965; Soundings in 1967. ‘Antiqot 9–10. Jerusalem: The Department of Antiquities and Museums.

Dothan, Moshe, and Porath, Yehoshua

1993 Ashdod V: Excavations of Area G, the Fourth–Sixth Seasons of Excavations 1968–1970. ‘Antiqot 23. Jerusalem: The Israel Antiquities Authority.

Dussaud, René

1937 Le Nom Ancien de la Ville de ‘Ay en Palestine. Revue d'histoire des religions 115: 125–41.

Finkelstein, Israel

1994 The Emergence of Israel: A Phase in the Cyclic History of Canaan in the Third and Second Millennia BCE. Pp. 150–78 in From Nomadism to Monarchy: Archaeological and Historical Aspects of Early Israel, eds. Israel Finkelstein and Nadav Na⊃aman. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society.

2008 Archaeology and the List of Returnees in the Books of Ezra and Nehemiah. Palestine Exploration Quarterly 140: 7–16.

Finkelstein, Israel; Bunimovitz, Shlomo; and Lederman, Zvi.

1993 Shiloh: The Archaeology of a Biblical Site. Tel Aviv University Sonia and Marco Nadler Institute of Archaeology Monograph Series 10. Tel Aviv: Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University.

2008 Archaeology and the List of Returnees in the Books of Ezra and Nehemiah. Palestine Exploration Quarterly 140: 7–16.

Finkelstein, Israel, and Magen, Yitzhak, eds.

1993 Archaeological Survey of the Hill Country of Benjamin. Jerusalem: Israel Antiquities Authority.

Finkelstein, Israel; Lederman, Zvi; and Bunimovitz, Shlomo

1997 Highlands of Many Cultures: The Southern Samaria Survey, the Sites. Tel Aviv University Sonia and Marco Nadler Institute of Archaeology Monograph Series 14. Tel Aviv: Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University.

Finkelstein, Israel., Ussishkin, David, and Halpern, Baruch, eds.

2000 Megiddo III: The 1992–1996 Seasons. Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University.

Fischer, Peter M.

1999 Chocolate-on-White Ware: Typology, Chronology, and Provenance: The Evidence from Tell Abu al-Kharaz, Jordan Valley. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 313: 1–29.

2003 Chocolate-On-White Ware: Further Observations and Radiocarbon Dates. Ägypten und Levante 13: 51–68.

2006 Tell Abu al-Kharaz in the Jordan Valley Volume II: The Middle and Late Bronze Ages. Denkschriften der Gesamtakademie 39, Contributions to the Chronology of the Eastern Mediterranean 11. Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.

Fischer, Peter M., and Sadeq, Moain

2002 Tell el-‘Ajjul 2000: Second Season Preliminary Report. Ägypten und Levante 12: 109–53.

Franken, Hendricus J.

1992 Excavations at Tell Deir ⊂Alla: The Late Bronze Age Sanctuary. Louvain, Belgium: Peeters.

Freeman-Grenville, Greville S.P.

2003 The Onomastcon of Eusebius of Caesarea and the Liber Locorum of Jerome. Pp. 9–98 in The Onomasticon by Euseius of Caesarea, by Greville S.P. Freeman-Grenville, Rupert L. Chapman III and Joan E. Taylor. Jerusalem: Carta.

Garstang, John

1933 Jericho: City and Necropolis. Annals of Archaeology and Anthropology 20: 3–42, pls. 1–34.

Grant, Elihu

1934 Rumeileh Being Ain Shems Excavations (Palestine) III. Biblical and Kindred Studies 5. Haverford PA: Haverford College.

Grintz, Jehoshua M.

1961 “⊂Ai Which is Beside Beth-Aven”: A Re-examination of the Identity of ⊂Ai. Biblica 42: 201–16.

Guérin, Victor H.

1869 Description géographique, historique et archéologique de la Palestine, Première Partie, Judée, Tome Troisième. Paris: Imprimerie impériale. Reprinted 1969, Amsterdam: Oriental.

1882 La Terre Sainte: son histoire, ses souvenirs, ses sites, ses monuments. Paris: E. Plon.

Guest, T. H.

1878 On the Site of Ai. Palestine Exploration Fund Quarterly Statement: 194–96.

Hennessy, J. Basil; McNicoll, Anthony W.; Hanbury-Tenison, J.W.; et al.

1983 Preliminary Report of the Fourth Season of Excavations at Pella, 1982. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 27: 325–61.

Herzog, Ze’ev; Negbi, Ora; and Moshkovitz, Shmuel

1978 Excavations at Tel Michal, 1977. Tel Aviv 5: 99–130.

Hess, Richard S.

1996 Joshua: An Introduction and Commentary. Leicester, England: Inter-Varsity.

Howley, George C. D., ed.

1979 A Bible Commentary for Today. London: Pickering and Inglis.

Jacobs, Paul F.

1987 Tel Halif: Prosperity in a Late Bronze Age City on the Edge of the Negev. Pp. 67–86 in Archaeology and Biblical Interpretation, eds.Leo G. Perdue, Lawrence E. Toombs and Gary L. Johnson. Atlanta: John Knox.

Kallai, Zecharia

1972 The Land of Benjamin and Mt. Ephraim. Pp. 153–93 in Judea, Samaria, and the Golan: Archaeological Survey 1967–68 (Heb.), ed. Moshe Kochavi. Jerusalem: Carta.

1986 Historical Geography of the Bible: The Tribal Territories of Israel. Jerusalem: Magnes.

1991 Beth-el–Luz and Beth-aven. Pp. 171–88 in Prophetie und geschichtliche Wirklichkeit im alten Israel: Festschrift für Siegfried Herrmann zum 65. Geburtstag, eds. Rüdiger Liwak and Siegfried Wagner. Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer.

Kallai-Kleinmann, Zecharia

1956 Notes on the Topography of Benjamin. Israel Exploration Journal 6: 180–87.

Kaufmann, Yehezkel

1959 Sefer Yehoshu⊃a. Jerusalem: Kiryat-Sefer.

1985 The Biblical Account of the Conquest of Canaan, second edition. Jerusalem: Magnes.

Kelso, James L.

1968 The Excavation of Bethel (1934–1960). The Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research 39. Cambridge MA: American Schools of Oriental Research.

Kenyon, Frederick G.

1940 The Bible and Archaeology. New York: Harper.

Kenyon, Kathleen M., and Holland, Thomas A.

1982 Excavations at Jericho Volume Four: The Pottery Type Series and Other Finds. London: British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem.

1983 Excavations at Jericho Volume Five: The Pottery Phases of the Tell and Other Finds. London: British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem.

Killebrew, Ann E.

1996 Report of the 1985–1987 Excavation in Field INE: Areas 5, 6, 7: The Bronze and Iron Ages Text and Data Base (Plates, Sections, Plans). The Tel Miqne-Ekron Limited Edition Series. Jerusalem: W.F. Albright Institute of Archaeological Research and the Institute of Archaeology of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

Kitchen, Kenneth A.

2003 On the Reliability of the Old Testament. Grand Rapids MI: Eerdmans.

Kitchener, Horatio H.

1878 The Site of Ai. Palestine Exploration Fund Quarterly Statement: 74–75.

Kochavi, Moshe

1974 Khirbet Rabûd = Debir. Tel Aviv 1: 2–33.

Livingston, David P.

1970 Location of Biblical Bethel and Ai Reconsidered. Westminster Theological Journal 33: 20–44.

1971 Traditional Site of Bethel Questioned. Westminster Theological Journal 34: 39–50.

1989 One Last Word on Bethel and Ai—Fairness Requires No More. Biblical Archaeology Review 15: 11.

1994 Further Considerations on the Location of Bethel at El-Bireh. Palestine Exploration Quarterly 126: 154–59.

1998 Locating Biblical Bethel. Bible and Spade 11: 77–84.

2003 Khirbet Nisya: The Search for Biblical Ai, 1979–2002. Manheim PA: Associates for Biblical Research.

Loud, Gordon

1948 Megiddo II: Seasons of 1935–39. The University of Chicago Oriental Institute Publications 62. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Luria, Ben-Zion

1989 The Location of Ai. Dor le Dor 17.3: 153–58.

McNicoll, Anthony W.; Edwards, Phillip C.; Hanbury-Tenison, Jack W.; et al.

1992 Pella in Jordan 2: The Second Interim Report of the Joint University of Sydney and College of Wooster Excavations at Pella 1982–1985. Mediterranean Archaeology Supplement 2. Sydney: MEDITARCH.

Mazar, Amihai

1990 Archaeology of the Land of the Bible. New York: Doubleday.

1992 The Iron Age I. Pp. 258–301 in The Archaeology of Ancient Israel, ed. Amnon Ben-Tor, trans. from Heb. by R. Greenberg.. New Haven CT: Yale University.

Miller, J. Maxwell

1977 Archaeology and the Israelite Conquest of Canaan: Some Methodological Observations. Palestine Exploration Quarterly 109: 87–93.

Moscati, Sabatino

1980 An Introduction to the Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages. Wiesbaden, Germany: Harrasowitz.

Na⊃aman, Nadav

1987 Beth-aven, Bethel and Early Israelite Sanctuaries. Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins 103: 13–21.