RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES KARNATAKA, BANGALORE

ANNEXURE II

PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION

1. / NAME OF THE CANDIDATE AND ADDRESS / PRINCY SALOMY CHERIAN
M.Sc. NURSING (1st YEAR)
JOSCO COLLEGE OF NURSING NELAMANGALA,
BANGALORE
2. / NAME OF THE INSTITUTION / JOSCO COLLEGE OF NURSING NELAMANGALA,
BANGALORE
3. / COURSE OF STUDY AND SUBJECT / M.Sc. NURSING
( PAEDIATRIC NURSING )
4. / DATE OF ADMISSION TO THE COURSE / JUNE 15, 2010
5. / TITLE OF THE STUDY
“A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE OF MOTHERS OF UNDER FIVE CHILDREN REGARDING THE PREVENTION OF HOME ACCIDENTS IN THE URBAN COMMUNITY OF NELAMANGALA WITH A VIEW TO PREPARE A PAMPHLET”
6 / BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK
6.1 NEED FOR THE STUDY
Accidents are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Child deaths due to accident portray a grave public health problem around the globe. Accident take an excessive toll of children in the form of death, disability and suffering, the incidence varied from 44.4 percentage to 71.1 percentage in many studies though in varying age groups. The fall was either from walker, furniture/bed, stairs, roof and from attendant's lap as reported by other workers. Sharp edged instruments like knife, scissors and safety pins, caused injuries in 23 percentage children, 11 percentage of accidents were because of toys and 9 percentage accidents because of burns and scalds. Now, over 28,000 children receive treatment for poisoning in every year. Around 500 under five children developed sealed burns in every year. In all fetal accidents, 46 percentage accidents are due to home fires. Around 10 children die as a result of falls in each year. Falls accounts 44 percentage of accidents in children. The survey conducted shows that drowning is the second leading cause of accidental death among under five children.
In India most common type of accident observed was fall (53 percentage). The fall was either from walker, furniture/bed, stairs, roof and from attendant's lap. Injuries due to sharp edge instruments (23 percentage) aspiration of parts of toys, marbles, coins (11 percentage), burns / scalds (9 percentage) etc. were other type of accidents encountered. 64.1 percentage of boys and 54.7 percentage of girls are at risk of electric appliances, 61.0 percentage of boys and 63.5 percentage of girls are at risk of household chemical and 92.5 percentage boys & 91 percentage girls are exposed to fire as it was within reach in their homes.
The incidence rate of accidents in the children in Karnataka was found to be 3.13 per 100 child months or 0.35 per child per year. The maximum number of accidents-51 (38.93 percentage)-occurred in the age group of 49-60 months, followed by 28 episodes (21.37 percentage) in the age group of 37-48 months (P < 0.001). The incidence rate in the age group of 49-60 months was 5.87 per 100 child months. A majority of the accident episodes (70.3 percentage) occurred in the males (P < 0.001). Overall, abrasions accounted for the majority of the injury types (72.6 percentage), followed by cuts and lacerated wounds (11.8 percentage), avulsions (6.6 percentage), contusions (4.4 percentage), burns (3.8 percentage), and bite wounds (0.8 percentage). In some episodes of accidents, more than one type of the injury was observed in the injured child. Very few houses had wooden guards on windows or doors.
6.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
According to Polit ‘review of literature is a prerequisite for planning and conducting the study’. It also provides information regarding the methodology, collection of data, analysis and interpretation of data. It provides us in-depth knowledge needed to study selected problems.
One of the major functions of a literature review is to ascertain what is already known in relation to a problem of interest. The primary purpose of reviewing relevant literature is to gain broad background knowledge and understanding of information that is available to problem of interest or identity gaps and weakness in prior studies so as to justify a new investigation. A review of literature involves systematic identification, location, scrutinization and summary of written materials that contain information on a research problem.
The review of literature for the present study is classified under the following headings:
a)  Studies regarding general accidents
b)  Studies regarding injuries and falls
c)  Studies regarding burns
d)  Studies regarding poisoning
e)  Studies regarding motor vehicle accidents
STUDIES REGARDING GENERAL ACCIDENTS
A study was conducted ‘to assess infant and child safety practices of parents’ in the department of Pediatrics in Kind Abdul Aziz University Hospital. The population of the study was parents and sample size was 150 parents. Sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The tool was structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done by descriptive and inferential statistics. The study result shows that only 4 percentage family had smoke detector at home and 8 percentage reported using an infant seat belt, 74 percentage of mothers reported tent to the infant in the mother bed and 74 percentage of families have other older children. This study reveals that the awareness programme with appropriate A.V. Aids is effective in improving child safety practices of parents.(8)
A study was conducted ‘to identify the knowledge of mothers on prevention of accidents among toddlers’ in selected community of Mangalore. The population of the study was mothers of toddlers and the sample size was 170. The sampling technique used was convenient sampling and the tool used was structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done by descriptive and inferential statistics. The study result shows that 66 percentage mothers have poor knowledge and 34 percentage mothers of knowledge regarding prevention of accidents among toddlers. The study reveals that mothers with high educational have good knowledge regarding prevention of accidents among toddlers.(12)
A study was conducted ‘to assess the effect of safety education on taking precaution and reducing the frequency of home accidents’ in selected population in Denzli. The population of the study was mothers of under five children. Sample size was 100 mothers. Sampling technique used was structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done by descriptive and inferential statistics. The study result shows that 74 percentage mothers gaining good knowledge regarding precaution and reducing home accidents and 265 mothers have poor knowledge. Present study also reveals that individual home visit should be made to determine the home environment and educational needs of mothers.(9)
A study was conducted ‘to assess the knowledge of mothers about home dangers and safety precaution’ in selected population in Brazil. The population used for the study is mothers and sample size was 150 mothers. Sampling technique used was purposive sampling and tool used was structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done by descriptive and inferential statistics. This study reveals that there is high relation regarding home dangers and safety precautions. This study reveals that there is high relation between knowledge regarding home dangers and socio demographic variables.(10)
STUDIES REGARDING INJURIES AND FALLS
Department of community occupational and family medicine conducted a study “to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of parents regarding childhood injuries and its prevention by primary care” in selected population in Singapore. The population of the study was parents and the sample size was 200.The sampling technique used was purposive sampling and tool used was structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done by descriptive and inferential statistics. The study results shows that 79 percentage parents have average knowledge and 21 percentage parents have poor knowledge regarding childhood injuries and its prevention. Findings show that there is need to educate the parents and caregivers on precaution of home accidents and its first aid.(5)
STUDIES REGARDING BURNS
A study was conducted to assess the knowledge and practice of mothers regarding prevention of burns between “9 months and 9 years” in a selected population in Kerala. The population used for the study was mothers and sample size was 150 mothers. Sampling technique was purposive sampling and the tool used was semi structured questionnaire. Data analysis done in a descriptive way such as percentage and diagram. This study result shows that the majority of the mothers who participated in this study are at the age of 21 to 25 years. More than two by third of mothers kept low at score. Half of the mothers (50 percentage) have good knowledge regarding prevention of burns in children .This study reveals that there is a need of educational programme to parents regarding prevention of burns.(16)
STUDIES REGARDING POISONING
A study was conducted to “identify the knowledge of mothers in unsafe storage of poison in home with toddlers” in selected population in Rotterdam. The population used for the study is mothers and sample size is 100 mothers. The sampling technique was convenient sampling and tool used are semi structured questionnaire. The result of the study shows that overall 50 percentage of toddlers were more exposed to unsafe storage of poison product in the home.50 percentage parents were more likely to store medicines safely. This study reveals that there is a need of effective intervention in poison storage to prevent poisoning in toddlers home.(7)
STUDIES REGARDING MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENTS
A study was conducted “to assess the effectiveness of multimedia intervention on parents knowledge and use of vehicle safety system for children” in selected population in Canada. The population used for the study is parent and sample size was 418 parents. Sampling technique was purposive sampling and tool used was structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done by descriptive and inferential statistics. The result shows that 41 percentage mothers have average knowledge in pretest and 59 percentage have poor knowledge in post test 86 percentage have good knowledge and 14 percentage have poor knowledge regarding use of vehicle safety system for children. This study reveals regarding use of professional sources of intervention was an important factor that is linked with increased parent’s knowledge on use of vehicle safety system for children.(11)
6.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
A study to assess the knowledge of mother of under five children regarding prevention of accidents in the urban community of Nelamangala.
6.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1)  To assess the knowledge level of mothers regarding prevention of home accidents.
2)  To associate the knowledge of mothers with selected demographic variables.
3)  To prepare a pamphlet on prevention of accidents.
6.5 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS:
Knowledge:
In this study knowledge refers to response of the subject to the questions asked by the investigator.
Mothers:
In this study mother refers to a female parent of under five children who provide maternal protection, guidance and nurturing to children.
Accidents:
In this study accident refers to the accident of under five children which occur in the home surroundings like drowning, poisoning, burns, suffocation, motor vehicle accidents, falls etc.
Pamphlet:
In this study pamphlet refers to a printed material used for health communication containing detailed information about prevention of accidents.
6.6 ASSUMPTIONS
The study assumes that:
a)  The mothers will have some knowledge regarding prevention of home accidents.
b)  Knowledge about prevention of home accidents among mothers of under five children in the urban community of Nelamangala will be increased after giving pamphlet on prevention of home accidents.
6.7 DELIMITATIONS
The study is limited to mothers those who have under five children in the urban community of Nelamangala.
6.8 HYPOTHESIS
a)  There is no significant association between level of knowledge of mother and selected variables.
7 / MATERIAL AND METHODS
7.1 Sources of Data
Data will be collected from mothers of under five children in the urban community of Nelamangala.
7.1.1 Research Design
The approach chosen for the study is descriptive survey method. The aim of descriptive method is to obtain accurate and meaningful description of the phenomenon.
Under study, the research design adopted for the present study is non-experimental method.
7.1.2 Setting
The study will be conducted at the urban community of Nelamangala.
7.1.3 Population
The present study population comprised of mothers of under five children in the in the urban community of Nelamangala.
7.1.4 Sampling technique
Non probability purposive sampling technique was used for the selection of sample. The criteria for selection of sample;
a)  Inclusion criteria
1)  Mothers of under five children in the urban community of Nelamangala.
2)  Mothers who are willing to participate in the study.
3)  Mothers of under five children who don’t read English or other languages.
b)  Exclusion criteria
Mothers who are health professionals.
7.1.5 Sample Size
The sample size is 50 mothers of under five children in the urban community of Nelamangala.
7.1.6 Tool for data collection
With the investigators personal experience, and after review of literature and discussing and opinion and suggestions from subject experts, structured knowledge questionnaire will be developed regarding prevention of home accidents in under five children.
The tool consists of two sections viz.,
1)  Section A – Demographic Data
2)  Section B - Structured Knowledge Questionnaire
7.1.7 Data collection procedure
A formal permission to conduct the study will be obtained from the respective authority. The sample will be drawn from the urban community using purposive sampling technique. The tool will be distributed to the respondents and the data will be collected. The data collection period would be four weeks.
7.2 Data Analysis Plan
The collected data will be analyzed by using the following statistical methods:
1)  Descriptive statistical methods such as frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation will be used to assess the knowledge and practice of mother regarding prevention of accidents and to describe selected variables.
2)  Inferential statistics: Chi-square test will be used to associate the demographic variables and knowledge level of mothers regarding prevention of home accidents.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.  An shad. Home Accident Prevention for Children. Ambulance Command Training School, 2002:11-14.
2.  Baby Alive. Prevention of Accidents in Home. American Academy of Paediatrics, 10th November 2001:9.
3.  Machida Laviekova. Levels of Information of Parents of Preschool Children about Prevention of Accidents and Intoxication. Journal of health science management and public health, University of South Bohermia, Faculty of health and social studies:5-7.
4.  Thein. Home Safety. The Royal Society for Prevention of Accidents, 2004:10-28.
5.  Thein M.M. et al. Department of Community Occupational and Family Medicine, 2005:12-13.
6.  Aneesa. Development of an Instructional Module for Mothers Regarding Prevention and Firstaid of Accidents among Children below 3 Years. The Journal of nursing research, Volume 2, August 2007:12-15.
7.  Beivens T .M. Prevention of Home Accidents. The knowledge and practice of mother regarding prevention of burn between 9 months 9 years (2006 May):312-318.
8.  Jann M.M, Hasernain F. H. Infant and Child Safety Practices of Parents. Saudi Medical Journal, 2005:142-146.
9.  Oztric M C. Prevention of Home Accidents. To assess the effects of safety education on taking precaution and reducing the frequency of home accidents, (1998) October: 812-820.
10. Rihar Role. Prevention of Accidents in Children. To assess the knowledge of mothers about dangers and safety precaution (1992):636-641.
11. Snowdon A. Prevention of Accidents in under 5 Children. Parents knowledge and use of vehicle safety system for children (August 1977):
71-82.
12. Dr.Ulhas Patel. Prevention of Accidents among Toddlers. Nightingale, Nursing Times, Volume 4, December 2008:31-32
13. Basavanthappa B T. Text Book of Nursing Research (2007) Second Edition, Jaypee Publication: 443.
14. Hockenberry J, Wongs. Essentials Of Pediatric Nursing (2009), Eighth Edition, Elsevier Publishers: 705-706.
15. Marlow R. Text Book of Pediatrics (2009), Sixth Edition, Elsevier Publishers:1133.
16. Bhavaneswary S et al. Prevention of Burn Injury:312-318
9. / Signature of Candidate
10. / Remarks of the Guide
11. / Name and designation of (in block letters)
11.1 Guide
11.2 Signature
11.3 Co-guide
11.4 Signature
11.5 Head of the department
11.6 Signature
12. / 12.1 Remarks of chairman or Principal
12.2 Signature

Page | 10