Macromolecules Practice

Section A.

Macromolecule / Name on Monomer / Description of Monomer / General Description of a Polymer / Examples of Polymers
Protein / Amino Acid / A central carbon bonded to a hydrogen, a carboxylic group, an amino group and an R group / Primary-Sequence of amino acids
Secondary-Alpha helices and beta pleated sheets stabilized by hydrogen bonds
Tertiary-Folding stabilized by sulfur bonds
Quarternary-Two or more protein chains coming together to make a functional protein / Muscle fibers, smooth muscles, enzymes, hormones such as insulin
Carbohydrate / Monosaccharide / Five or six carbon rings with oxygens and hydrogens / Chains of monosaccharides; may be straight or branched / Glycogen, starch, cellulose
Nucleic Acids / Nucleotide / A sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogen containing base (cytosine, guanine, uracil, adenine, thymine) / Single or double helix structure / DNA and RNA

Section B. Identify the following as a monomer (M) or a polymer (P).

1.  M Glucose

2.  P Protein

3.  M Nucleotide

4.  P Red Blood Cell

5.  P DNA

6.  M Monosaccharide

7.  P Starch

8.  M Amino Acid

9.  M Fructose

10.  P Glycogen

11.  P Polysaccharide

12.  P Nucleic Acid

13.  P RNA

14.  P Cellulose

Section C. Decide if each of these relates most to a lipid (L), carbohydrate (C), protein (P) or nucleic acid (N).

15.  C Made of only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

16.  P Monomers of this are called amino acids

17.  N Guanine, thymine, cytosine, adenine and uracil are nitrogen-containing bases

18.  C Starch and cellulose are examples of polymers

19.  L Cholesterol is one subtype of this, and is used to generate several hormones

20.  P A central carbon surrounded by a hydrogen; a carboxylic group; an amino group and an R group form the monomer of this group

21.  C Glucose and fructose are examples of monomers

22.  P It can have a primary, secondary, tertiary and quarternary structure

23.  N Monomers are called nucleotides

24.  N RNA and DNA are this type of molecule

25.  L These are generally nonpolar, however the type that make up cell membranes has a hydrophilic portion

26.  P Myoglobin and myosin are Miss Anderson’s two favorites of this group of macromolecules, which are derived from sequences of 20 different amino acids

Section D. Match these characteristics to triglycerides (T), phospholipids (P) or cholesterol (C). A characteristic may be true of more than one type of lipid.

27.  T C Completely nonpolar

28.  C Structure has four fused rings

29.  P Two fatty acid tails

30.  T Three fatty acid tails

31.  P Makes up the phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes

32.  C Is used by the body to manufacture steroid hormones

33.  P Has a polar, hydrophilic head region

34.  T May be solid or liquid, depending on the presence of double or single bonds

Section E. Match each characteristic to the level of organization of the protein. Indicate your answer as primary (P), secondary (S), tertiary (T) or quarternary (Q).

35.  T Final folding of the protein, stabilized by bonds between sulfur atoms

36.  S Preliminary folding of the protein, stabilized by hydrogen bonds

37.  P Sequence of amino acids

38.  Q Association of two or more folded amino acid chains to create a functional protein