Causes of The War of 1812: The Second War of American Independence
______4th President
¡ A student of history and government
¡ well-read in law
¡ he participated in the framing of the Virginia Constitution in 1776
¡ Served in the Continental Congress, and was a leader in the Virginia Assembly.
¡ ______
¡ Short man, appeared old and worn
Macon’s Bill #2
¡ Embargo Act 1807 not successful… well duh.
¡ ______ proposed to allow trade with other nations but also to exclusively reinstate trade with either England or France, whichever one pledged to drop its trade restrictions.
¡ ______pounced on this opportunity and promised to drop restrictions and open trade with the U.S.
¡ Madison smelled some dishonesty but was trapped in his own proposal.
Out with the Old…
¡ In 1811… ______.
§ Younger men had ousted older "______."
§ The young Congressmen were from the West and South, and were fiery-tempered.
§ They were called "______" since they pushed for war.
§ Most noteworthy of these War Hawks was ______,
§ a young Kentuckian, named ______at age 34.
Tecumseh and the Prophet
¡ The War Hawks wanted the Indians cleared out of the west (the Ohio Valley) so whites could settle there without fear.
¡ Indian opposition was led by Shawnee brothers ______and ______.
¡ They encouraged traditional Indian clothes and culture,
¡ Urged Indians to not give up or sell their lands.
¡ ______(which was very unusual)
Battle of Tippecanoe
§ November of 1811 Indiana governor ______ attacked and defeated the Shawnee at the Battle of Tippecanoe.
§ The Prophet was killed.
§ This battle made William Henry Harrison a ______and earned him the nickname of "Tippecanoe.“
§ The battle also turned Tecumseh to ______.
§ Notably, two years later William Henry Harrison would also kill Tecumseh during the War of 1812.
Mr. Madison’s War
¡ By 1812, war was seen as inevitable.
¡ Madison asked Congress to declare war on England and they did in June of 1812.
¡ "______?"…
§ ______—The U.S. wanted the right to sail and trade without fear.
§ ______ —The U.S. might gain Canada or Florida.
§ ______ —Americans were still upset about British guns being giving to Indians (Battle of Fallen Timbers) and Indian attacks on the frontier.
§ ______ – America would have to be considered as an equal amongst other nations, rather than a scrawny upstart. This is why the War of 1812 is often called the "Second War for American Independence."