Senior Final Review
Nervous System
o Functional unit of the nervous system would be?
o Know the parts of the neuron and what they do:
ü Axon
ü Dendrites
ü Synaptic terminal/knob
ü Cell body
ü Nucleus
ü Myelin
ü Neurotransmitter
o What is the synapse and know its purpose.
o Two ways that an action potential can move down the axon would be?
o It is all coming back – doing great, keep going!
o What structures comprises the central nervous system?
o How is the peripheral nervous system broken down?
o What are the major lobes of the brain?
o What structures make up the brain stem?
o Name the structure that connects to left and right hemisphere.
o Explain the difference between myelinated and unmyelinated axons.
o Be able to identify bipolar, multipolar and unipolar neurons. Which would be sensory?
o Explain the purpose of neuroglia cells.
Circulatory System (Blood & Heart)
o What is the function of the following components:
ü Atrium
ü Ventricles
ü Arteries
ü Veins
ü Semilunar valves
ü AV valve
o How does blood flow through the heart and body?
o What separates the right atrium from the right ventricle?
o What separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?
o What are the layers of the heart wall? Which is thickest?
o Define pericardium.
o Discuss the functions of the circulatory system.
o In which vessels would you find valves and why?
o Define systole & diastole.
o Understand the conduction system of the heart (physiology):
ü AV node
ü SA node
ü Purkinje Fibers
ü Bundle of His
ü Bundle Fibers
o What makes the “lub dub” sound of the heart?
o What antigens would you find on a red blood cell if the person and type B+ blood?
o Doing great – get up and stretch, get that blood pumping!
o What is the lifespan of a RBC?
o What is the shape of a RBC?
o Where are RBC formed?
o What is the function of WBC?
o Define hemopoiesis.
o What does a hematocrit measure?
o Name the cellular components that are found in our blood.
Respiratory System
o Functions of this system include?
o Know the structures of the respiratory system and their functions:
ü Airway between the larynx & primary bronchi
ü Structure of gas exchange
ü Where are the vocal cords located (called?)?
o Snack break!
o Understand the following terms:
ü Tidal volume
ü Respiratory reserve volume
ü Vital capacity
ü Minimal air
ü Residual volume
ü Inspiratory reserve volume
o Can you identify the terms if given a graph?
o Name the instrument used to measure lung volume.
o Know how oxygen and carbon dioxide compare throughout the body (where would you expect these gasses to be high/low? For example, which would be higher – O2 or CO2 between the tissues and the blood stream?) What controls breathing rate.
o What happens to you diaphragm when you inhale? Exhale?
o Functional unit of the respiratory system?
o Where do each of the following take place:
ü Internal respiration
ü External respiration
ü Pulmonary respiration
Immune System
o Know the function of the following cells:
ü Natural killer cells
ü T cells
ü B cells
ü Macrophages
o Know the difference between specific & nonspecific defenses (examples of each).
o Which cell releases interleukins and what know the purpose of interleukins.
o Where are B and T cells found?
o What cell produces antibodies?
o Immune cell that does not leave the lymph system?
o How are memory T cells produced?
o Function of memory T cells?
Digestive System
o Define:
ü Chime
ü Deglutition
ü Bolus
ü Metabolism
ü Anabolism
ü Catabolism
ü Rugae
ü Absorption
ü Digestion
o What are the basic building blocks of:
ü Proteins
ü Carbohydrates
ü Lipids
o Which enzyme does the following:
ü Breakdown proteins
ü Breakdown lipids
ü Breakdown carbohydrates
o What is the difference between an accessory organ non-accessory organ? Give an example of each.
o What does the epiglottis do?
o What structure makes bile? Where is it stored?
o Snack time – cookie break!
o What is the purpose of bile?
o What is peristalsis?
o Where does the majority of absorption take place?
o What is a sphincter? Name the types of sphincters and where they would be found.
o The majority of digestion occurs in this location.
o How many pairs of salivary glands are there?
o Where would I find the cecum?
o Where is the appendix located? Function?
Urinary System
o What is the functional unit of the urinary system?
o How does urine get to the outside of the body?
o Name the organ in which urine is formed.
o What is the purpose of the glomerulus?
o Where do the following activities take place:
ü Filtration
ü Reabsorption
ü Secretion
o What organs make up this system?
o What are the general characteristics of normal urine?
o What does the odor of urine tell you about a person’s health?
o What did the Benedict’s solution test for in our lab?
o What is the purpose of a urinalysis test?
Reproductive System
o Be able to label male & female reproduction diagrams
o Where are sperm and ova made?
o Define:
ü Gametogenesis
ü Diploid cell
ü Haploid cell
ü Gamete
ü Zygote
o Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis.
o Know the structures and function of the male & female reproductive system:
ü Uterus
ü Rete tubules
ü Epididymis
ü Protstate gland
ü Vagina
ü Uterine tube
ü Ductus deferens
ü Testes
ü Urethra
ü Prepuce
ü Glans
o Easy stuff – feeling confident for the final J
o How many viable sperm are produced in spermatogenesis?
o How many viable ova are produced in oogenesis?
o What is a polar body? Explain the purpose of a polar body.
o How many chromosomes are in a stem cell?
o How many chromosomes are in a gamete?
o Where & when does fertilization of ovum occur?
o What is the function of the female hormones (FSH & LH)?
If you understand this review sheet you will do just fine on the final. Take a deep breath and relax, you know this stuff!