Final Exam Core Biology Review
Here’s what I did for you. These are the questions on the final exam. In the order that they will appear on the final exam. Only the answers have been eliminated. Aaannnd you may use this document with any writing you have made on it during the final. During the final. This packet only.
In humans, having freckles (F) is dominant to not having freckles (f). The inheritance of these traits can be studied using the Punnett Square similar to the one shown below:
Male: Ff
F f
1 / 2
3 / 4
Refer to the illustration above. Which box in the Punnett square represents a child who does not have freckles?
Refer to the illustration above. The child in box 3 of the Punnett square has the genotype ______
Refer to the illustration above. The child represented in box 1 in the Punnett square would
be homozygous? Heterozygous? dominant? Recessive? freckled?
Refer to the illustration above. The parents shown in the Punnett square could have children with a phenotypic ratio
An individual heterozygous for a trait and an individual homozygous recessive for the trait are crossed and produce many offspring that are
What is the expected genotypic ratio resulting from a heterozygous X heterozygous monohybrid cross
Fill in the blanks below by selecting the correct word from this list: dominant, two , each parent, recessive, alleles
For each inherited characteristic, an individual has ______copies of the gene- one from ______There are alternative versions of genes. These are called ______. Sometimes there’s only two (purple and white flowers), sometimes there are many (brown, hazel, blue, and green eyes). Some alleles are expressed if present. These are called ______. Some alleles are expressed only if the dominant allele is not present. These are called ______.
Fill in the blanks below by selection the correct word from: alleles, one, gametes, meiosis, mitosis
Each parent (although they have 2 alleles) can only pass on ______allele to their offspring. Each person only inherits 2 alleles, one from each parent. The 2 alleles are separated from each other in the process of ______, which makes ______each with half the DNA.
An organism that would be good to use for a genetic study is:
Green pod color is a dominant trait in pea plants. If a heterozygous green pod plant crosses with a homozygous recessive yellow pod plant. What is the genotype of the offspring?
Black hair is a dominant trait in rats. If you cross a homozygous white rat with a heterozygous black rat, what is the phenotype of the offspring?
Long wings is a dominant trait in fruit flies. If the offspring of a cross between a long-winged fly and a short-winged fly has all long winged offspring. what must the parent’s genotype be?
Axial flowers is dominant to terminal flowers. Predict the genotype of offspring produced by crossing a homozygous dominant pea plant with a homozygous recessive pea plant.
Tall is a dominant trait in pea plants. What percent of the offspring of a cross between a homozygous short plant and a heterozygous tall plant will be short?
Which of the following crosses would produce the most bunnies with long ears and white fur? (Given that L = long ears, l = short ears; B = white fur and b = brown fur)
If you cross a homozygous blue, heterozygous axial plant with a homozygous white, heterozygous axial plant, what phenotype will most of the offspring have?
B = Blue b = white A = Axial a = terminal
PpSS X Ppss P = purple p = white; S = starchy s= sweet
Given the cross above; which of the following phenotypes will all of the offspring most likely have?
______and ______won the Nobel Prize for discovering the shape of DNA and publishing their findings.
If a DNA molecule is 24% Thymine, what % of the DNA is cytosine
Where would you see a replication fork:
In a strand of DNA, the amount of Adenine = the amount of ______and the amount of cytosine = the amount of ______
______came up with rules stated in question #27
When you say that DNA replication is semiconservative, you mean
What kind of bond holds nitrogen bases together
DNA replication: why does it occur?
Since natural resources are limited, all organisms
DNA makes a copy of itself in a process called ______.
When DNA makes a copy of itself, the first step involves DNA opening up down the middle by an enzyme called ______.
______is an enzyme that fills in the missing bases during DNA replication
A long chain of amino acids is called a ______
During transcription, the genetic information for making a protein is “rewritten” as a molecule of:
Identify the following: phosphodiester bond, hydrogen bond, guanine, adenine, sugar, phosphate
Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a(n)
Categorize the following as a DNA or RNA or both
double stranded contains uracil contains ribose sugar found only in the nucleus
has more than one form made up of nucleotides
What is the definition of evolution?
Darwin was a naturalist on board the
When did Darwin publish his book?
Use this mRNA sequence CUCAAGUGCUUC
Refer to the mRNA sequence above. What is the amino acid sequence coded for by the piece of mRNA given?
Refer to the mRNA sequence above. The anticodons for that sequence are:
Refer to the mRNA sequence above. What would represent the strand of DNA from which the mRNA strand is made?
DNA is copied to mRNA in a process called ______mRNA is made into a protein in a process called ______
the process of taking a gene and making a protein from this is called ______
Translation takes place in the ______
transcription takes place in the ______
Why do we make a working copy (mRNA) of a DNA molecule?
Identify the three kinds of RNA
The name of Darwin’s book is:
What were the two main points of his book:
There is a population of green lizards in the forest and occasional there will be one that is brown, but it usually gets eaten by birds because it cannot camouflage itself against the background of leaves. Over many years the average rainfall decreases and the green trees begin to die off leaving larger and larger areas of no vegetation. What would you expect to occur to the population over time:
If organisms are well adapted to the environment where they live what will happen to them?
Find the definition, example or proof in the bank below and place it in the chart.
BANK:
vestigial structures
whale fossils link modern whale with land-dwelling ancestor
hemoglobin in humans and gorillas very similar
homologous structures
human arm/dolphin fin/ chicken wing
fossils that link a current organism with its ancestor
embryology
structures that are present but no longer used
2 different species have similar or same amino acid sequences for their proteins
embryos in different species have similar structures
Proof of evolution / Definition / ExampleTransitional fossils
Structures that are the same or very similar in more than one species in spite of the fact that the structures have different functions
Human appendix, wisdom teeth
Amino acid sequences
All vertebrates had gills and tails at some point in their development.
DDT is an insecticide that was highly efficient at killing insects when it was first introduced. But with repeated use, most insect populations are resistant to DDT. This is because:
A factor that is essential for natural selection to occur is
The scientist who first attempted to give everything a 2-name scientific name in Latin was
The coyote has the species name lantrans and the genus name canis. What is the scientific name for this organism?
Table –
Organism / Nutrition / Eukaryote / Structure / Other1 / Heterotroph / Yes / Unicellular / Moves
2 / Heterotroph / Yes / Multicellular / Moves
3 / Autotroph / No / Unicellular / Found in shallow water
4 / Heterotroph / Yes / Multicellular / Can’t move
5 / Autotroph / Yes / Unicellular / Moves
6 / Chemotroph / No / ????? / Lives in extreme conditions (high heat, for example
7 / Autotroph / Yes / Multicellular / Lives on land, can’t move
The word that most likely goes in the blank in row #6 under the heading “structure” is:
Which organism is a plant?
Which organism is a fungus?
Which organism could be you?
Classify the following relationships as competition, commensalism, parasitism, mutualism, predator/prey
The Nile Crocodile opens his mouth and a bird called the Egyptian Plover hops into his mouth and cleans the crocodile’s teeth by eating the parasites and bits of food found around the teeth.
The shark often tears meat up that he is eating allowing pieces to accidentally float out of his mouth uneaten. The remora fish follows the shark and eats these floating pieces of prey.
A bee picks up nectar from a flower and also gets pollen on its legs. When it visits another flower for more nectar it leaves some of the pollen in the new flower.
A mosquito sucks blood from a dog
Bacteria live inside your intestine and get nutrients from your food while helping you digest your food
The duck and the goose both try to use the same nesting sites.
The oak tree and the cottonwood tree both grow quickly in order to access sun.
Which of the following is an example of mutualism?
A wasp injects its eggs inside the body of a caterpillar. The eggs hatch and eat the caterpillar.
A bird builds a nest in a tree.
A human uses a dog to protect a flock of sheep. The dog is given food and shelter.
A flower grows next to a bush.
Which of these best represents a mutualistic relationship?
Bull snake/mouse White-tailed deer/grass
Hummingbird/blossom Spadefoot toad/cricket
An oakworm caterpillar feeds on the leaves of an oak tree. This type of interaction is--
mutualistic commensalistic
competitive parasitic
A hummingbird feeds on the nectar of a flowering plant. In this process the bird gains nutrition while spreading the plant’s pollen to other flowers. The relationship between hummingbirds and flowering plants can be described as______
Which situation best represents a mutualistic relationship?
A tapeworm absorbing nutrients from the intestine of a dog
An orchid being pollinated by a nectar collecting wasp
A human losing blood to a feeding mosquito
An armadillo rooting in the soil at the base of an oak tree
This relationship is an example of ______